Energy budgets for juvenile Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed different diets

Abstract

Coelho et al.: Energy budget in juvenile whiteleg shrimp 1 Energy budgets for juvenile Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed different diets Energy budgets for juvenile Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (1.7-4.0 g) fed with different diets were assessed. The energy partitioning between growth, respiration, ammonia excretion, feces and exuvia was calculated to estimate for total food energy intake. Shrimp oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were quantified in sealed chambers (25°C, 34 ppt). Energy allocated for growth and feces were obtained from the wet combustion of whole body and feces samples, exuvia was estimated as 10% growth energy. Three diets were tested: 100% chopped fish (Fish), 100% commercial feed (Feed), and 50-50% chopped fish and commercial feed (Mix). Most of the energy from the diets was channeled into respiration (49.7-70.5%). Shrimp fed the Feed diet used more energy in growth (24.4%) than those fed Mix (13.4%) or Fish diets (13.2%), either in absolute (joule) or relative (% of ingested energy) terms. Conversely, energy loss as ammonia excretion was lower in shrimp fed Feed (1.0%) compared to shrimp fed Mix (4.2%) or Fish diets (7.8%). Less energy was lost in feces by shrimp fed Fish diet (7.3%) compared to Mix (20.2%) and Feed diets (22.2%). The calculated energy intake by shrimp fed Fish, Mix and Feed were 0.995, 1.100, and 1.255 kJ ind-1 day-1 , respectively. According to the O:N atomic ratios (oxygen consumed to nitrogen excreted), protein tented to be the predominant substrate catabolized by shrimp fed Fish (O:N=16±5.2), and Mix (O:N=25±11.6), with increasing use of carbohydrates and/or lipids in the Feed (O:N=74±37.3). Results suggest diet composition may affect energy budget and partitioning differently between metabolism and growth either in absolute or relative terms, as shrimp fed Fish and Mix diets used protein as main substrate for metabolism, whereas shrimp fed Feed diet channeled protein for growth, and lipids and carbohydrates for other metabolic functions.

A chromosome‐level assembly of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) genome facilitates the identification of growth‐associated genes

“…Growth is a complex regulatory process in which we could observe that DEGs were presented in several pathways. We further investigated DEGs related to metabolisms of carbohydrate and lipid as they are the main nutrients reported to enhance growth in shrimp (Coelho et al, 2019;González-Félix et al, 2002;Hu et al, 2019;Olmos et al, 2011). In agreement with the prior finding that the enhancement of digestive enzyme activities improves growth performance of shrimp (Anand et al, 2013;Gómez & Shen, 2008), genes with higher expression levels in the large shrimp group were found to be involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and nutrient metabolism.…”

A chromosome-level assembly of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) genome facilitates the identification of novel growth-associated genes

“…The comparison of hepatopancreas transcriptomes of slow-growing shrimp and fast-growing shrimp revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in nutrient metabolism, which was in concordance with the hepatopancreas functions in feed utilization and energy storage. Here, we presented genes related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms as they are main nutrients that have been investigated to enhance growth in shrimp (Coelho, Yasumaru, Passos, Gomes, & Lemos, 2019; González-Félix, Gatlin, Lawrence, & Perez-Velazquez, 2002; Hu et al, 2019; Olmos, Ochoa, Paniagua-Michel, & Contreras, 2011). Genes with higher expression levels in the fast-growing group were found to be involved in nutrient metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.…”

Desenvolvendo a aquicultura de espécies de peixes e camarões marinhos no Brasil: alguns aspectos práticos e mais urgentes da alimentação e nutrição durante a engorda do camarão-branco-do-pacífico (>i<Litopenaeus vannamei>/i<) e da garoupa-verdadeira (>i<Epinephelus marginatus>/i<)

“…Além de possuir a exigência de minerais como todos animais de cultivo, os camarões possuem ainda um requisito extra de minerais, inerente a todos os crustáceos, que está relacionado ao processo de mudas e formação de novos exoesqueletos (exúvias). Esse processo é responsável pelo gasto de aproximadamente 10% da energia metabolizada em camarões(ZHU et al, 2004;COELHO et al, 2019), além de exigir uma constante absorção de minerais para realização(DALL et al, 1990;CHANG;MYKLES, 2011;WEISSMAN, 2020). Dentre esses quatro macros minerais, dois deles, o cálcio e o magnésio, podem ser absorvidos diretamente da água de cultivo, quando em condições marinhas de alta salinidade, por exemplo (DAVIS; LAWRENCE;GATLIN, 1993;CHENG et al, 2005).Estudos atestam que a exigência do fósforo nas dietas está intimamente ligada também ao teor de cálcio nessa dieta, em uma relação Ca/P, conforme verificado para diversas espécies de camarões, como Penaeus monodon (PEÑAFLORIDA, 1999), (DAVIS; LAWRENCE;…”