Energy Beverage Consumption Among Naval Aviation Candidates

Sather, Thomas E.; Delorey, Donald R.

doi:10.3357/amhp.4477.2016

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…All 32 included studies were published between 2007 and 2018, of which 20 (62.5%) were published in the past 5 years (2015-2018). There were 7 studies 1,2,6,14,16,23,32 that were of level 1 evidence, 1 study 45 of level 2 evidence, and 24 studies 4,[7][8][9]11,13,15,[18][19][20][21][22]24,25,30,31,[33][34][35][36][37]39,40,42 of level 4 evidence. There were 13 comparative 1,2,6,11,[14][15][16]20,22,23,32,34,36 and 19 noncomparative studies.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were 13 comparative 1,2,6,11,[14][15][16]20,22,23,32,34,36 and 19 noncomparative studies. 4,[7][8][9]13,18,19,21,24,25,30,31,33,35,37,39,40,42,45 Among the comparative studies, 7 1,2,6,14,16,23,32 were randomized and 6 11,15,20,22,34,36 were cross-sectional in design. The mean MINORS score for comparative studies was 18.8 ± 3.0 out of 24, and the MINORS score for noncomparative studies was 9.53 ± 2.35 out of 16, indicating a fair quality of evidence.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reasons for energy drink consumption were reported in 12 studies. 4,9,18,24,25,30,31,33,34,39,40,42 The most common reasons for energy drink consumption were to increase energy/relieve fatigue (24.5%; 2640/10757), to stay awake or to counter insufficient sleep (15.7%; 1694/10,757), and for academic-related reasons (eg, for concentration during studies; 14.1%; 1520/10,757). Appendix Table A1 (available in the online version of this article) summarizes all energy drink brands, frequency, co-ingestants, and reasons for consumption across all included studies.…”

Section: Energy Drink Brand Frequency Co-ingestants and Reason For Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(continued) drink reported was Red Bull (27.2%; 294/1080), followed by Monster (23.1%; 250/1080) and Full Throttle (7.1%; 77/1080). Frequency of consumption was reported in 15 studies 4,7,8,13,15,19,21,22,30,31,33,35,37,40,42. Among 92,006 individuals reporting the frequency of energy drink consumption, 76.7% reported <1 energy drink/week (70,597/92,006)7,8,13,22 (Figure…”

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Energy Drinks and Their Adverse Health Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Context: Energy drinks are the fastest growing product in the beverage industry. However, there is concern regarding potential for adverse effects with use. Objective: To evaluate the reported adverse effects of energy drink consumption. Data Sources: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched for relevant studies from inception to November 2019, and pertinent data were abstracted. Study Selection: Only clinical studies reporting adverse events after energy drink consumption were included. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Data regarding sample size characteristics, energy drink characteristics, comparators, and all adverse events were extracted in duplicate and recorded. Results: A total of 32 studies and 96,549 individuals were included. Frequently reported adverse events in the pediatric population were insomnia (35.4%), stress (35.4%), and depressive mood (23.1%). Frequently reported adverse events in the adult population were insomnia (24.7%), jitteriness/restlessness/shaking hands (29.8%), and gastrointestinal upset (21.6%). Alcohol mixed with energy drinks significantly reduced the likelihood of sedation effects but increased the likelihood of stimulatory effects. Energy drink consumption significantly increased the odds of insomnia (OR, 5.02; 95% CI, 1.72-14.63) and jitteriness/activeness (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.28-9.67) compared with the control group. Conclusion: The authors recommend that individuals avoid frequent energy drink consumption (5-7 energy drinks/week) and avoid co-consumption with alcohol; increased regulatory standards should be placed in the sale of energy drinks, particularly with regard to the pediatric population.

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Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Drink Brand Frequency Co-ingestants and Reason For Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Energy Drinks and Their Adverse Health Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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“…There are many ways to evaluate the microbiological quality and safety of the EDs available in local stores, and these tests need to be conducted regularly in order to ensure their microbiological quality. However, overdosing can negatively affect reaction time and alertness [ 8 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Behavior of Saudi College Athletes toward Energy and Sports Drinks with an Emphasis on Microbial Quality and Safety

Aljaloud

2018

Sports

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The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and behavior of university athletes in Saudi Arabia regarding energy drinks (EDs) and sports drinks (SDs). In addition, the microbiological quality of available local drinks was also assessed. The presence of total bacterial coliform count, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus on these drinks was also determined. Of the 120 university athletes surveyed, 69 were currently using SDs, and 51 were using EDs. The study consisted of a 10-question survey assessing the athletes’ sociodemographic characteristics, personal habits, and SD- and ED-related knowledge and habits. With regard to the question about the primary reason for using EDs, n = 26 respondents (50.98%) reported that providing energy (speed, strength, and power) was the main reason for consuming these beverages. Conversely, n = 25 respondents (36.23%) believed that recovery from injury or illnesses was the main reason for the consumption of SDs. A majority of university athletes (n = 43, 62.32%) who used SDs believed that SDs were safe to use, while n = 22 respondents (43.14%) were unaware of any adverse health effects associated with the consumption of EDs. Of the total of 26 SDs and EDs tested, microbial contamination was present in only two products. Microbial levels and the total bacterial count for most of the samples were very low (<1 log CFU/mL). However, some drinks had a slightly higher microbial level, which could be harmful or cause spoilage with improper storage. Thus, our findings suggest that improvements in microbial quality are needed for these beverages.

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