Energy band engineering of WO3/Bi2WO6 direct Z-scheme for enhanced photocatalytic toluene degradation

SiO2-Encapsulated Ag/WO3 Nano-architectures for Azoxybenzene Production via Simultaneous Activation of Aniline and Molecular O2

“…Displayed four peaks: 368.9 and 374.6 eV indicated the presence of Ag(0) and 367.9 and 373.9 eV that of Ag + species. – Besides, the full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of the Ag 3d 5/2 peak for silver in the neutral state (metallic silver) in the fresh catalyst was estimated to be 1.85 eV, whereas this parameter (fwhm) was detected to be smaller than that for silver in oxidized states in the spent catalyst, i.e., for metallic silver and Ag 2 O, it was 0.99 and 1.24 eV, respectively; moreover, the difference between the respective components was 6.0 eV, maintaining consistency with the earlier reports. – Furthermore, it is also obvious that ∼80% of metallic Ag(0) has converted to Ag + species after catalysis (Table S2, Supporting Information). The W 4f core-level spectrum (Figure c) showed two principal peaks at 35.8 and 38.07 eV, assigned to the +6-oxidation state of tungsten. ,, Deconvolution of the oxygen (O 1s) spectrum displays two different peaks at the binding energies of 532.08 and 530.8 eV corresponding to the adsorbed oxygen (O ads ) and lattice oxygen (O latt ), respectively (Figure d) . Besides, the Si 2p peak at ∼103.8 eV (Figure S4, Supporting Information) indicated the sole presence of Si 4+ species in the catalyst …”

“…The W 4f core-level spectrum (Figure 2c) showed two principal peaks at 35.8 and 38.07 eV, assigned to the +6-oxidation state of tungsten. 29,34,39 Deconvolution of the oxygen (O 1s) spectrum displays two different peaks at the binding energies of 532.08 and 530.8 eV corresponding to the adsorbed oxygen (O ads ) and lattice oxygen (O latt ), respectively (Figure 2d). 40 Besides, the Si 2p peak at ∼103.8 eV (Figure S4, Supporting Information) indicated the sole presence of Si 4+ species in the catalyst.…”

Bismuth-Based Z-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Remediation of Contaminated Water

“…Chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are frequently released from the burning of fuels, industrial production of waste gases, and the use of decorative paints and photochemical pollution. − Among VOs, toluene threatens the ecosystem and human life. Hence, several methods such as adsorption, biofiltration, and thermal catalysis have been used for removal of toluene from environment . Nevertheless, those approaches have drawbacks, such as low efficiency and large energy requirements.…”

“…Hence, several methods such as adsorption, biofiltration, and thermal catalysis have been used for removal of toluene from environment. 171 Nevertheless, those approaches have drawbacks, such as low efficiency and large energy requirements. Therefore, recent research indicates that photocatalytic oxidation is an effective method for removing VOCs from the environment.…”

WO3/MIL-125 (Ti) composite material for enhancing the reduction of Cr(vi) under visible light

“…Tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ), as an n-type semiconductor with good response to sunlight, has received a lot of attention due to its low price, low toxicity, resistance to photo corrosion, stable physical and chemical properties and easy preparation. 12–14 WO 3 has a narrow bandgap (2.5–3.5 eV) and a low conduction band (CB) potential. 15 However, the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs in WO 3 limits its application in photocatalysis.…”