Energy balance of pregnant diabetic rats

Yamada, R; Griggio, Mauro Antonio; Luz, Jacqueline

doi:10.1079/bjnbjn2001520

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…Our results show that severe maternal DM did not affect insulin and glucose plasma levels at birth and weaning. However, it is noteworthy that using the same protocol we have previously described increased glucose levels of newborns from diabetic mother, born by cesarean (Yamada et al, 2002). Thus, these findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that there is a capacity for B cell neogenesis, which could be limited to the early neonatal period, as proposed by Gasparo et al, 1980.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Impact of Maternal Diabetes Mellitus on the Thermoregulation of the Offspring

Guimaraes¹,

Martins²,

Luz³

2006

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes

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Maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) can induce metabolic alterations in both newborn and adult offspring. It is believed that inadequate intrauterine conditions can impair thermogenic capacity of the offspring. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maternal DM on the offspring thermoregulation. DM was induced by streptozotocin injection (60 mg/g) in Wistar EPM-1 female rats. Control animals were injected with an equal volume of citrate buffer solution (pH 4.5). Fifteen days after confirmation of diabetes by glycaemia higher than 250 mg/dl, the rats were mated and the intercourse was confirmed by vaginal smear. Diabetic animals received daily 1 UI of insulin and control animals, an equivalent volume of saline. After delivery, 6 newborn females were randomly assigned to each mother in order to assure equivalent nutritional status during lactation during which body weight of the offspring was recorded daily. At weaning (28th day) the animals were transferred to individual metallic cages kept inside a chamber under a room temperature of 25 degrees C. In the 60th day, half of the offspring was moved to a chamber at 5 degrees C, remaining there until the 90th day. Four experimental groups were thus formed that were the offspring of control or diabetic dams acclimated at 25 degrees C or 5 degrees C. During the whole experimental period body weight and food intake were recorded and during the acclimation period energy balance was determined. When rats were 90 days-old, they were blood sampled and the carcasses prepared for calorimetric determination. At birth, weaning and 90 days of age, animals were killed for quantification of body fat, protein and water. Blood samples were collected and used to determine blood glucose and insulin. Offspring from diabetic dams showed lower body weight than controls throughout the whole experiment. No effect of maternal DM on energy balance of offspring acclimated at 25 degrees C or at 5 degrees C was observed. Nevertheless, as expected, cold induced an increase in energy intake and energy expenditure as well as a reduction in food efficiency, which was characterized by lower body weight and fat gain without change in body protein. Body composition was altered only at birth, when animals from diabetic mothers showed decreased body fat content and increased percentage of water in the carcass. Only at 90 days the rats from diabetic mothers showed higher glycaemia and lower blood insulin levels than controls suggesting delayed effects of maternal DM on the offspring. After weaning, rectal temperature of the animals was measured at 25 degrees C and 5 degrees C during 2 hours at time 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. This parameter was determined at weaning and at 45, 60, 75, and 90 days of age. The results showed that the offspring from diabetic mothers not only had a delayed thermogenic capacity as shown by their inability to keep body temperature at 5 degrees C until 90 days. It is, thus, suggested that maternal diabetes mellitus delayed thermoregulation of the offsp...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Impact of Maternal Diabetes Mellitus on the Thermoregulation of the Offspring

Guimaraes¹,

Martins²,

Luz³

2006

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes

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Chronic lipoic acid treatment worsens energy imbalances in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Luz

Zemdegs

Amaral

2009

Diabetes & Metabolism

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Effect of a High-fat Diet on Diabetic Mother Rats and Their Offspring through Three Generations

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Pregnant diabetic Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet starting at the first gestational day. The effect of the highfat diet on the growth of the female, her offspring, and the offspring's offspring was studied. Pregnant rats (first generation) were divided into the Diabetic streptozotocin-induced group and the control group. Diabetic streptozotocininduced rats and control rats were fed either a control diet (5% fat in diet) or high-fat diet (32% fat in diet), and observed up to the third generation. In each generation, after weaning, the pups were fed the respective diet. The fat content was mainly animal lard. Diabetic rats fed the high-fat diet were infertile, and the pregnant first-generation and diabetic rats fed the control diet had a stillbirth rate of 27.5 ± 22.0% (mean ± SE). In the first generation, the diabetic rats fed the control diet had a significantly lower body weight increase during the pregnancy than the control rats fed the control diet. The second-generation diabetic rats fed the control diet had a high blood glucose level at birth, and their triglyceride level was higher than that in the other two groups. The third-generation diabetic rats fed the control diet had a triglyceride level higher than that of control rats. Delivery was most difficult in diabetic rats fed the high-fat diet. Pups of diabetic rats fed the control diet had growth retardation and increased blood glucose levels. We conclude that when the mother rat had diabetes, the next generation was also affected. IT has been known that the newborns of diabetic mothers are frequently macrosomic in humans [1]. Hypernutrition during pregnancy causes hyperinsulinemia in the fetus, making the newborn macrosomic. Risk factors for giving birth to macrosomic newborns include maternal gestational diabetes, obesity, and excessive body weight. The risk factors can be removed by nutrition management [2,3]. It has been reported that in animals diabetes in a pregnant mother affects her own lipid metabolism as well as that of her offspring [4,5]. When a high-fat diet was given to pregnant female rats, pancreatic cell development in the fetuses deteriorated and the newborns were hyperglycemic [6]. Even in women with normal pregnancies, unbalanced nutrition during the pregnancy affects the growth of her offspring after birth. The newborns of mothers with a nutritional disorder have low body weight associated with insulin secretion insufficiency. Twelve-week-old offspring of diabetic female rats had impaired glucose tolerance [7]. In this study, pregnant diabetic rats were fed a highfat diet during pregnancy and the suckling period, and the influence of diet on the mother and offspring and the subsequent growth of the mother and offspring were studied.

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Energy balance of pregnant diabetic rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Impact of Maternal Diabetes Mellitus on the Thermoregulation of the Offspring

Impact of Maternal Diabetes Mellitus on the Thermoregulation of the Offspring

Chronic lipoic acid treatment worsens energy imbalances in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Effect of a High-fat Diet on Diabetic Mother Rats and Their Offspring through Three Generations

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