Energy balance of high-pressure sodium discharges under controlled vapour conditions

Wharmby, D O

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/17/2/021

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The fraction of IR losses from continuum radiation is small in HPS lamps (Wharmby 1984), but it increases with increasing total lamp pressure. The total pressure in many HPS lamps is of the order of 1 bar, while it is often 10 or more bar in MH-HID lamps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Bremsstrahlung radiation from electron–atom collisions in high pressure mercury lamps

Lawler¹

2004

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Bremsstrahlung coefficients for electron-mercury-atom collisions were computed using the corrected phase-shift approximation. These corrected bremsstrahlung coefficients are a weighted average of coefficients from the phase-shift and momentum transfer approximations. Phase-shifts determined from solutions of the Dirac-Fock scattering equations including both static and dynamic polarization potentials and exchange effects were used. The corrected coefficients approach the same limit at longer wavelengths as coefficients from the simpler momentum transfer approximation, but are generally larger.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Bremsstrahlung radiation from electron–atom collisions in high pressure mercury lamps

Lawler¹

2004

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…The visible radiation leaving the lamp burner therefore has to be scaled with a factor 1/t(l). Wharmby [5] has determined a value of 0.95 for the transmission of the outer bulb. Since our lamps are not the same, in our case the value could be a few percent different, but for this test case we will use 0.95 as an estimate.…”

Section: Lamp Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since a long time the determination of the energy balance of HID lamps is an important aspect of HID lamp research. Studies and publications on HID lamps efficacy research and/or energy balances include those performed by Waymouth [1], Elenbaas [2], Jack and Koedam [3], De Groot and Van Vliet [4] and Wharmby [5]. From these studies it can be concluded that infrared radiation is an important contribution to the energy balance of HID lamps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A calibrated integrating sphere setup to determine the infrared spectral radiant flux of high-intensity discharge lamps

Rijke¹,

Nijdam²,

Haverlag³

et al. 2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Abstract.A set-up that aims to determine the infrared radiation fraction of the energy balance of high intensity discharge (HID) lamps has been designed, constructed and calibrated. It consists of a high-resolution integrating sphere that can cover a wide spectral range. New in this work is that the integrating sphere measurements can be used in the infrared part of the spectrum up to 10 µm and that we have calibrated the absolute intensity in that range. No calibration standards for spectral radiant flux are readily available in the infrared. Therefore, we have used a resistive heated platinum ribbon as absolute intensity reference. As a first testcase, this new set-up was used to determine the energy balance of a Philips CDM-T 70W/830 lamp, which is a type of metal halide HID lamp. IntroductionHigh intensity discharge lamps (HID lamps) are used when compact light sources are needed with high output levels and efficacies. This study deals with the experimental determination of the energy balance of HID lamps, i.e. the distribution of the total output energy of the lamp over different spectral regions is investigated. By determining and studying the energy balance of the lamp, the understanding of the energy flows inside the lamp can be improved. This can aid in the improvement of existing lamps and development of new ones. . From these studies it can be concluded that infrared radiation is an important contribution to the energy balance of HID lamps. Infrared radiation, either in the form of radiation from the plasma or in the form of thermal radiation from the burner wall, can consume 50-75% of the total input power. The ALITE-II project's [6] primary focus was the infrared radiation of HID lamps; several papers regarding the infrared radiation from HID lamps have recently been published [7][8][9]. In these papers the focus was mainly on the continuum radiation generated by the plasma. As far as we know, other authors studying the infrared radiation of HID lamps have based their infrared work on side-on measurements, and/or did not measure the radiation beyond about 2.5 µm

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High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) ARCS

Wharmby

1986

Radiative Processes in Discharge Plasmas

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Energy balance of high-pressure sodium discharges under controlled vapour conditions

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Bremsstrahlung radiation from electron–atom collisions in high pressure mercury lamps

Bremsstrahlung radiation from electron–atom collisions in high pressure mercury lamps

A calibrated integrating sphere setup to determine the infrared spectral radiant flux of high-intensity discharge lamps

High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) ARCS

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