Energy balance of Brazil

Evaluation of Carbon Emission Efficiency of Chinese Oil and Gas Enterprises

“…The actual situation of enterprises is dynamic, Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) index can only be used to compare the changes of production efficiency in the short term, therefore, this paper adopts the Global-Malmquist-Luenberger (GML) index model, which includes all the observations in all the time periods when constructing the production frontier, and it can reflect the long-term trend more comprehensively [6], and the calculation formula is shown in (2). The GML index is greater than 1 indicates that carbon efficiency increases, less than 1 indicates that carbon efficiency decreases, and equal to 1 indicates no change.…”

“…Since the "carbon capping and carbon neutral" strategy was proposed, carbon emission efficiency has become the focus of attention. It includes both single-factor indicators such as carbon productivity, carbon index, and carbon emission intensity [1][2][3], as well as full-factor indicators that consider both economic benefits and environmental impacts [4]. In this paper, we select oil and gas companies, which are important players in China's efforts to achieve its climate goals.…”

“…Furthermore, the technical efficiency change index and the technical progress index of Bomaco are both below 1, implying the necessity for technological enhancements. (2) The trend in carbon emission efficiency among 57 oil and gas enterprises is observed to be rising. Within this group, 43 enterprises experienced enhancements in technical…”

A global model for residential energy use: Uncertainty in calibration to regional data

“…Brazilian total final energy use is characterised by a rapid decline of traditional fuels [67], although the rate of decrease slows down in recent years [68], also in the residential sector [69,70] (Fig. 3).…”

CO2 crecimiento económico y densidad poblacional: un análisis de economías en vías de desarrollo

“…En otro aspecto, si los bienes y servicios ambientales se utilizan como bienes de consumo de insumo en el proceso productivo, es necesario considerar su correspondiente elasticidad ingreso (Shaik y Bandyopadhyay, 1992;Tilton, 1990;Bruyn, and Opschoor, 1997;Goldemberg, 1992). La mejora de la calidad ambiental como necesidad, se convierte en prioritaria solamente cuando los individuos han cubierto sus necesidades básicas -alimentación, educación, vivienda, salud-; así, el segmento más pobre de la sociedad exigirá mejoras en la calidad ambiental, en la medida en que sus necesidades estén cubiertas.…”