Energy balance and diurnal variation in methane production as affected by feeding frequency in Jersey cows in late lactation

Abstract

Methane (CH 4) production of ruminants typically increases with increased dry matter intake (DMI). However, few studies have observed the effects of feeding multiple times a day and its effects on diurnal variation in CH 4 production and energy balance in late-lactation dairy cattle. A study using headbox-style indirect calorimetry and 12 multiparous (225 ± 16.2 d in milk; mean ± SD) lactating Jersey cows was conducted to determine the effects of feeding twice daily on diurnal variation in CH 4 production and total energy balance. A crossover design with 14-d periods (10 d of adaption and 4 d of collection) was used to compare 2 treatments. Treatments consisted of either once a day feeding (1×; 100% of feed given at 1000 h) or twice a day feeding (2×; 50% of feed given at 1000 h and the final 50% at 2000 h) with a common diet fed in both treatments. Dry matter intake was not different between treatments, with a mean of 16.9 ± 0.88 kg/d. Once a day feeding tended to have greater milk yield compared with twice a day feeding (21.2 vs. 20.4 ± 1.59 kg/d, respectively). Milk fat and milk protein percentage were not different, with means of 6.18 ± 0.20% and 3.98 ± 0.08%, respectively. Total CH 4 production did not differ between treatments, with a mean of 402.1 ± 20.8 L/d. Similarly, CH 4 per unit of milk yield and DMI was not different between treatments, with means of 20.5 ± 1.81 and 23.8 ± 1.21 L/kg, respectively. Feeding frequency did not affect diurnal variation of hourly CH 4 production, with a mean of 17.1 ± 0.74 L/h. A trend was observed for a treatment × hour interaction. Methane production per hour increased after the second feeding for cattle fed twice versus once daily. Gross energy, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and balance (milk plus tissue) per kilogram of DMI did not differ by feeding frequency, with means of 4.41 ± 0.01, 3.05 ± 0.03, 2.63 ± 0.03, and 1.32 ± 0.08 Mcal/ kg of DM, respectively. Metabolizable energy for maintenance was 146 kcal/kg of metabolic body weight, with an efficiency of converting metabolizable energy to net energy balance (milk plus tissue) of 76%. Nitrogen balance did not differ among treatments, with a mean balance of 17.3 ± 13.0 g/d. Therefore, total CH 4 production and energy maintenance were not affected by feeding frequency. However, CH 4 was variable throughout the day, and caution should be exercised when collecting CH 4 samples at a limited number of time points because this may under-or overestimate total production.

Factors that affect heat production in lactating Jersey cows

“…Data from 9 research experiments conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln's Dairy Metabolism Unit were used (Foth et al, 2015;Drehmel et al, 2018;Judy et al, 2018Judy et al, , 2019aKnoell et al, 2019;Reynolds et al, 2019;Morris et al, 2020a,b). Across these 9 experiments, data from 293 animal-periods were collected on 54 Jersey cows.…”

“…According to the laws of thermodynamics, heat generated from reactions in the body is equal to the difference in chemical energy between all substrates and products in a reaction (Kleiber, 1975). In lactating Jersey cows, heat production (HP) accounts for 25 to 32% of the gross energy (GE) intake (Drehmel et al, 2018;Judy et al, 2018;Reynolds et al, 2019). Heat production can be categorized into NE M -the basal energy expenditure of an animaland heat increment (HI)-the HP that is associated with digestion and metabolism of food (NRC, 1981).…”

Mitigation of Enteric Methane Emission through Feed Modification and Rumen Manipulation

“…Bahan pakan yang memiliki kandungan BETN tinggi dan mudah untuk ditemukan di Indonesia adalah jagung dan bungkil inti sawit (BIS). Kandungan pati dalam silase jagung dapat mencapai 55,9% (Judy et al 2018), namun penggunaan bahan pakan ini terkendala dengan harga yang mahal akibat bersaing dengan pangan dan pakan unggas. Bahan lainnya adalah BIS, yang memiliki kandungan BK lebih dari 85%, kandungan PK lebih dari 16%, nilai kecernaan BK dan BO lebih dari 63%, BETN bungkil inti sawit yang diperoleh dari proses pengepresan sebesar 46,67%, sedangkan BETN bungkil inti sawit yang diperoleh dari proses ekstraksi menggunakan sebesar 46,99% (O' Mara et al 1999).…”

Eficiencia y confiabilidad de modelos de estimación de biogás en rellenos sanitarios

“…Sin embargo, esta investigación se ubica en México, se esperaba que el modelo mexicano brindará información aproximada pero confiable de generación de metano. Investigaciones han demostrado el impacto negativo que una incorrecta cuantificación de biogás en un relleno sanitario puede tener en pro-yectos de generación de energía (Judy y col., 2018;Blanco y col., 2018;Li y col., 2018). En consecuencia, los modelos teóricos, particularmente el modelo mexicano de biogás demostró ser poco confiable para generar información preliminar sobre emisiones de metano.…”