Energy-aware decoder management: a case study on RVC-CAL specification based on just-in-time adaptive decoder engine

Abstract

Motivated by the pervasive use of multimedia applications in battery-powered portable devices, the latest video coding standards have been developed to enable higher data compression rates and decoding efficiencies. An MPEG Reconfigurable Video Coding (RVC) framework has been proposed to efficiently support multiple codec specifications and facilitate innovation in codec design. At the same time, an energy-aware design is expected to be included in video coding standards for the purpose of energy optimization of multimedia applications, which are known to create high computational loads. This paper proposes an energy-aware decoder manager based jointly on a Just-In-Time Adaptive Decoder Engine (Jade) and an energy estimation model. The model is driven by Performance Monitoring Counters (PMCs) and is fitted by the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) method.The estimation results achieve average relative errors of less than 10%. In addition, the maximal model computation overhead is 4.58%. By combining the estimation model into the RVC framework, the experimental results show good potential for energy efficiency improvement with increases of up to 21.8% based on energy considerations 1 .

Decoding-Complexity-Aware HEVC Encoding Using a Complexity–Rate–Distortion Model

“…Other recent developments constitute structural modifications at the dataand task-level for parallelized decoder implementations to support real-time decoding of high resolution, high frame rate HEVC bit streams [14]. Furthermore, the utilization of Just-InTime adaptive decoder engine [15], and OpenMP and actorbased dataflow models [16] have resulted in energy-aware HEVC decoder implementations over the last few years.…”

Control algorithms for energy optimization in multimedia hand-held devices

“…In addition, comparing with other related work, such as the work of Ren [14], in which it can be highlighted that power measurements are correlated off-line with counts of some suitable events by using the processor PMCs. From that correlation, static power estimations are obtained for the processor decoding video at a fixed OPP.…”

“…When the mobile devices are running different applications, the scheduler can allocate energy to different applications. With respect to video decoders, they are some of the most energy consuming applications and the research group has experience of researching in a number of decoders [14]. Thus, this thesis focuses on control algorithms for energy optimization in multimedia devices while running video-decoder applications, which can significantly mitigate the system energy consumption problems.…”

“…A model is derived that describes the energy consumption of the new HEVC decoder for intra-coded videos. Ren et al [14] proposed a platform-independent energy estimation methodology, which can estimate the energy consumption of reconfigurable video coding (RVC)-CAL video codec specifications.…”

“…In recent years, there has been continuous consideration, research, and innovation of the energy management of mobile devices, not only in battery-operated systems [11] [12] but also in wireless networks [13] and multimedia applications [14]- [17]. To reduce power consumption of embedded processors, a Power Management Unit (PMU) with Power management (PM) capability is often employed.…”