Energy-Aware and Time-Critical Geo-Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Volunteer forwarding, as an emerging routing idea for large scale, location-aware wireless sensor networks, has recently received significant attention. However, several critical research issues raised by volunteer forwarding, including communication collisions, communication voids, and time-critical routing, have not been well addressed by the existing work. In this paper, we propose a priority-based stateless geo-routing (PSGR) protocol that addresses these issues. Based on PSGR, sensor nodes are able to locally determine their priority to serve as the next relay node using dynamically estimated network density. This effectively suppresses potential communication collisions without prolonging routing delays. PSGR also overcomes the communication void problem using two alternative stateless schemes, rebroadcast and bypass. Meanwhile, PSGR supports routing of time-critical packets with different deadline requirements at no extra communication cost. Additionally, we analyze the energy consumption and the delivery rate of PSGR as functions of the transmission range. Finally, an extensive performance evaluation has been conducted to compare PSGR with competing protocols, including GeRaf, IGF, GPSR, flooding, and MSPEED. Simulation results show that PSGR exhibits superior performance in terms of energy consumption, routing latency, and delivery rate, and soundly outperforms all of the compared protocols.

Controlled Multi-Path Routing in Sensor Networks Using Bezier Curves

“…In that work, a strip of size 0.86 times the communication radius is used, in order to balance the load among the nodes along a given route, with guaranteed bounds on the length of the longest route and the maximum load, whereas in our work, we considered the width of the stream-pipes as yet another parameter in the proposed methodology. The aspects of energy and power awareness for routing purposes have been considered in the literature from a couple of perspectives [15,18,[49][50][51]. Balancing the energy awareness with the time constraints in a purely local manner was considered in [50], which introduces the priority-based stateless routing as an implementation of the volunteer-forwarding paradigm.…”

“…The aspects of energy and power awareness for routing purposes have been considered in the literature from a couple of perspectives [15,18,[49][50][51]. Balancing the energy awareness with the time constraints in a purely local manner was considered in [50], which introduces the priority-based stateless routing as an implementation of the volunteer-forwarding paradigm. A more general overview of the performance optimization via multipath routing is presented in [15].…”

The Wireless Network Routing Protocols and Data Communication Methods for Multiple Sensor Information Used in Mining Mechanical

“…At present, the wireless sensor network (WSN) has been introduced into the process of remote monitoring. D.Doolin etc gather data of the fire from 10 wireless sensor nodes in Pinole Point Regional Park, and the data after generation directly transfer to sink node, not to go through the routing configuration [3,7]. Carl Hartung proposes the firewxNet system.…”

Constructing a CDS-Based Network Backbone for Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…However, the communication ability, computational ability, storage ability, and energy of sensor nodes are limited [3][4][5][6], and the nodes are difficult to be replaced because they are often deployed in remote or inaccessible environments; the limitations of wireless sensor networks also shorten the performance of the network. Because of the limited energy, the signal generated by a source can only reach the nodes that are within its transmission range.…”