Energy and the Environment: Alternatives in UK for CO₂Reduction

Abstract

T his paper e xamines e nergy alternative s in the UK and wor ldwide to reduce C O 2 , SO 2 , and NO x emissions up to the year 2020: e nviro nmental mec hanisms in restructured markets, future e nergy alte rnative s, green e lec tric ity, e nergy e cie ncy, and pric ing.A t the outse t, world ene rgy re so urce s, nonfossil re sources, wo rld e nergy demand, and the ro le of e xisting and planned mec hanisms to achieve enviro nmental bene ts in re struc tured e lectric ity markets are re viewed. Tec hnological and institutio nal c hallenges o f real, long-te rm reduc tions in carbo n dio xide and o the r e missio ns from the e lectric sec tor are disc ussed. T he pape r the n focuse s o n re newable e nergy in the UK , the gree n poo l, and trends in powe r marke ting conside ring gree n pric ing programs, and public po lic y fo r re newable e nergy. C onsidered is trends in e nergy supply struc ture : e nergy consumption and C O 2 re lease, ro le o f nuclear po we r, and Euro pean e OEorts fo r contro lling CO 2 e missions.T he main part of the paper prese nts a case study o n e nsuring future e nergy alte rnative s fo r the UK based on simulations. Table s are prese nted illustrating basic techno logical aspec ts of a number of alternative e nergy mix strategie s devised to mee t the UK 's e lec tric se rvice require ments whe re CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x emissio ns are addre ssed. T hey co mbine the introduction o f new natural gas-red combined-cyc le gene ratio n with alte rnate leve ls o f demand side manage ment-predominantly tec hno logy drive n conse rvatio n, and for some o f the strategie s, wind po wer, tidal po we r, and hydro po we r fro m Iceland is inc luded. Eac h c lass o f techno logies is phased in during the 20-year study period of 1999-2020. C o mparative values fo r CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x emissio ns are give n.

Design and Implementation of Hardware in the Loop Simulation Test Platform for Photovoltaic Inverter

“…The consumption of a large number of fossil energy has produced a large number of environmental pollutants. Therefore, when environmental protection is increasingly important, the utilization and development of renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy will become an important energy strategic goal in the today [1][2]. However, the fluctuation and intermittency of photovoltaic power generation will bring stability problems to the power grid, and the application of a large number of power electronic devices will inject harmonics into the grid [3][4][5].…”