Energy and QoS Evaluation for a V2R Network

Kumar, Wanod; Muhtar, Adnan; Qazi, Bilal R.; Elmirghani, Jaafar M. H.

doi:10.1109/glocom.2011.6134500

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The medium access control (MAC) protocols in a motorway vehicular environment are of significant importance [22] as they need to handle several issues such as smooth interaction with other communication layers, time synchronization, rapid channel variations due to the fast movement of vehicles, and handoff problems in the centralized networks [12]. TDMAbased protocols have traditionally been preferred over CSMAbased protocols in a motorway V2R environment as the latter performs poorly at high load [8]- [11]. In [24], a collaborative MAC protocol called vehicle-and-roadside collaborative MAC protocol has been proposed for a highway scenario that utilizes TDMA for centralized communications and CSMA for intervehicular communications.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of the M-PRMA protocol was evaluated in terms of throughput, delay, and packet-dropping probability, although in idealistic channel conditions (without any physical channel impairments). The performance evaluation and comparison of the M-PRMA protocol with the IEEE 802.11p MAC protocol in a motorway vehicular environment (without any analytical modeling and physical channel impairments) showed that CSMA/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA)-based IEEE 802.11p protocol scaled poorly at high load in terms of QoS (average access delay, packet-loss ratio, and goodput) and energy consumption [11]. For instance, as vehicles constantly listened to the medium for collision avoidance under 802.11p, they achieved only 50% goodput and consumed 12 times higher energy compared with that under M-PRMA protocol [11], which is our preferred choice for a motorway V2R network in this paper.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA), deterministic protocols such as time-division multiple access (TDMA) are best suited to supporting centralized communications as these protocols define a certain upper bound on the channel access delay even if the channel is heavily loaded [8]. CSMA-based protocols severely suffer due to collisions or collision avoidance overhead, particularly in high load conditions, making it unsuitable for a motorway vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) environment; this has also been reiterated in [9]- [11]. Therefore, we utilize a TDMA-based protocol, namely, the modified version of the packet reservation multiple-access (M-PRMA) protocol, in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Vacation-Based Performance Analysis of an Energy-Efficient Motorway Vehicular Communication System

Kumar

Bhattacharya

Qazi

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Due to the unprecedented growth in bandwidth requirement, the increasing number of access points (APs) deployed within a macrocell for services such as video conferencing, video gaming, and data off-loading leads to significantly higher energy consumption. This advancement in mobile networks has forced researchers to explore various methods of energy saving, although with little emphasis on motorway vehicular networks where mobility is also an important aspect. Energy saving in these networks is extremely challenging due to the dynamic nature of the environment in which they operate. To analyze such a network, we first develop a performance model for a medium access control (MAC) protocol, namely, the modified version of packet reservation multiple access (M-PRMA) with wireless channel impairments in a motorway vehicular environment. The M-PRMA protocol provides communication links (time slots) between an AP and the vehicles in range. The time slots of the M-PRMA protocol are modeled as servers where each outage of the channel is represented as a server on queue-length-independent vacation. Then, each AP, in a hierarchical micro-macro topology, is modeled as a single-server queue where the AP takes queue-length-dependent vacations (switches to sleep mode) to save energy during its inactivity period, although at the expense of degraded quality of service (QoS). To address this, a number of sleep strategies for the AP are studied. Finally, both of these proposed models (M-PRMA with channel impairments and AP with sleep cycles) are analyzed and verified through simulations. The performance results reveal that the introduction of sleep strategies at an AP can save up to 80% transmission energy during off-peak hours and 66% on average during the day in a motorway vehicular environment while supporting end-to-end QoS for video and audio conferencing applications.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Vacation-Based Performance Analysis of an Energy-Efficient Motorway Vehicular Communication System

Kumar

Bhattacharya

Qazi

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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“…The energy model utilised in the paper is based on [31] where the energy per bit (in the transmission state) can be determined, if required, as the ratio between the transmitter power and the data rate [9]. The maximum operational power and minimum operational power (during sleep cycles) are also given in Table 2.…”

Section: B Analytic Model For the Rsu With Various Types Of Sleep Cymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep-enabled roadside units for motorway vehicular networks

Bhattacharya

Qazi

Muhtar

et al. 2017

Vehicular Communications

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. energy savings and 7.3 ms average packet delay over the day, resulting in respective improvements of 10% and 28% compared to the existing random sleep cycles. These improvements have been achieved under a very conservative operating delay bound for audio conferencing applications. However, modern compression and codecs, due to their leniency on Quality of Service (QoS), would potentially enable higher energy savings through the proposed sleep cycles.

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“…Furthermore, the choice of a contention free TDMA based MAC protocol is premised on its superior performance to the popular carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) based protocols which are prone to high collisions (with the associated collision avoidance overhead) at high load, a feature which becomes intolerable in high mobility scenario of V2R communications [6], [7]. A centralized TDMA based MAC that implements Rician fading and with regards to green RSU is lacking in the literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%