Energy and productivity analysis of maize based crop sequences compared to rice-wheat system under different moisture regimes

Kaur, Navneet; Vashist, Krishan Kumar; Brar, A. S.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.119286

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…On the other hand, the contribution of nitrogen fertilizer energy in the rice cropping system was 85.6% and 79.1% when groundwater and surface water sources were applied, respectively. Similar to our results, previous research studies have indicated that energy consumption by nitrogen fertilizer was more than 97% in rice (Kaur et al., 2020), 87% in canola (Kazemi et al., 2016), and 89% in wheat (Ghorbani et al., 2011), as compared to the total energy used in chemical fertilizers sector.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This increase could be due to the higher human labor usage for transplanting in the traditional cultivation system and also, for irrigation, which was in agreement with the results reported by Ibarrola-Rivas et al (2016). Total human labor energy consumption for rice in Myanmar was higher (3.81 GJ ha −1 ), while it was lower in India (0.661 GJ ha −1 ), when compared to the value obtained in the present work (Htwe et al, 2021;Kaur et al, 2020).…”

Section: Energy Budgetsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…They found that the mechanical transplanting method had a higher energy output in comparison to the traditional method. The average total output energy obtained in this study (206.8 GJ ha −1 ) was higher than that reported by Htwe et al (2021) in Myanmar (160.0-173.0 GJ ha −1 ) and lower than the value found by Kaur et al (2020) in India (224.9 GJ ha −1 ). This might be due to better management practices and lower production potential.…”

Section: Energy Budgetcontrasting

confidence: 83%

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Effects of Water Source and Technology on Energy Use and Environmental Impacts of Rice Production in Northern Iran

Jamali

Bakhshandeh

Emadi

2022

Water Resources Research

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To assess the sustainability of rice production systems, it is essential to quantify its impact on the environment and energy flow. To analyze the energy flow and greenhouse gas emissions, a total of 200 paddy fields were selected based on the water source utilized for irrigation (river as the surface water source and well as the underground water source), transplanting methods (traditional and mechanical) and grain yield (low‐ and high‐yielding rice cultivars) based on a factorial experimental design (2 × 2 × 2 = 8 conditions). Data were collected in 2020 from 200 rice growers in northern Iran, using a face‐to‐face questionnaire survey. Results showed that the highest total energy use efficiency (EUE) (5.26 GJ ha−1) was observed under the surface water source + traditional + low‐yielding rice system. Although the total EUE in surface water source was higher than that in groundwater source (4.98 vs. 2.90). Water consumption by high‐yielding rice cultivars was higher, as compared to the low‐yielding ones. Electricity (35.2%) and nitrogen fertilizer (31.5%) inputs were the highest energy input for the groundwater and surface water sources, respectively. Average shares of the renewable and non‐renewable energies used in agroecosystems were 25.70% and 74.30% respectively, while the shares of the direct and indirect energies were 60.36% and 39.64%, respectively. The calculated global warming potential value in the paddy fields of northern Iran ranged from 878 to 2,666 kg eqCO2 ha−1. Amongst the studied conditions, the surface water source + traditional + high‐yielding rice system had the highest carbon efficiency and carbon sustainability index level. Overall, surface water source conditions were found to be a more environmentally‐friendly approach in northern Iran. These results, thus, demonstrated that there is a huge potential for improving energy efficiency in the studied conditions, especially for high‐yielding rice cultivars irrigated by surface water sources. These findings could help decision‐makers to better understand the linkage between various conditions, which is a prerequisite to any planning effort for future management strategies at national and international levels.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Energy Budgetsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Energy Budgetcontrasting

confidence: 83%

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Effects of Water Source and Technology on Energy Use and Environmental Impacts of Rice Production in Northern Iran

Jamali

Bakhshandeh

Emadi

2022

Water Resources Research

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“…However, in plains, fuel was consumed significantly to pump water, around 32% and 35% of the total for WS and DS, respectively. The findings of this study were in line with those of other studies in maize cultivation reporting fertilizers and diesel fuel were the two main contributors in terms of energy input (Kaur et al, 2021;Manzone and Calvo, 2016;Yousefi et al, 2014). Energy from human work, expressed for each operation, is summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Energy Inputssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Modified from energy use efficiency (EUE), ETE is calculated beginning with solar radiation absorbed by the earth and continues until the energy content is stored in the end-user product (Neamhom et al, 2016). This ratio has been used to express the ineffectiveness of crop production systems (Kaur et al, 2021;Soni et al, 2018). It is calculated, using Equation 4.…”

Section: Energy Transfer Efficiency (Ete)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Use and Consumption Patterns of Maize Cultivation - A Case Study in Thailand

Thongmai

Neamhom

Patthanaissaranukool

et al. 2021

Environ. Nat. Resour. J.

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This study explored energy inputs and consumption patterns to determine energy and economical indices for maize cultivation in Thailand. To assess the energy performance of four used cropping systems, namely, highland cultivation in wet season (HLWS), highland cultivation in dry season (HLDS), plains cultivation in wet season (PLWS), and plains cultivation in dry season (PLDS), data from energy consumed and produced show Net Energy Value (NEV) gains of +77.0, +106.5, +191.6, and +228.5 GJ/ha, respectively. Positive signs indicate that the required energy was less than energy produced which reveals sustainability. Use of fertilizer accounted for the major input energy in all systems, followed by fossil fuels, human labor and seeds. A cost performance analysis demonstrated PLDS production exhibited the highest profit earnings (1,365.2 USD/ha). To establish an alternative way to reduce the amount of energy consumed together with increased profit returns to farmers, the renewable energy from waste manure was used to replace dependence on chemical fertilizers. Scenarios using manure from cows, chickens, and farmyards were considered. Results showed that the use of farmyard manure created greater amounts of energy efficiency and economical return rates. Moreover, the benefits increased with increased amounts of organic material applied.

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The integrated farming system is an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective approach to the sustainability of agri‐food systems in the modern era of the changing climate: A comprehensive review

Bhagat,

Walia,

Sharma

et al. 2024

Food and Energy Security

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The integrated farming system (IFS) is a holistic farming approach specially designed for small/marginal farmers to enhance the system productivity, profitability, and employment generation of their farm, ultimately ensuring their food and nutrition security for their livelihood. The mechanism of IFS offers various ecosystem services making farms environment‐friendly, sustainable, and climate‐resilient. IFS is characterized by the allocation of different agricultural components systematically in a single farm performing synergistically among themselves making the farm more productive, healthy, biodiversity enriched, and eco‐friendly than simplified farms. Therefore, this review paper represents an extensive analysis of existing literature on IFS exploring its concept, components, and need, and emphasizing its potential for higher system productivity, profitability, and employment generation in a sustainable manner. Moreover, it develops a conceptualization of the relationship among different agricultural components in a single farm exploring its role in ecosystem services (reducing greenhouse gases, carbon sequestration, nutrient recycling, improving soil health, and biodiversity conservation).

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Energy and productivity analysis of maize based crop sequences compared to rice-wheat system under different moisture regimes

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Water Source and Technology on Energy Use and Environmental Impacts of Rice Production in Northern Iran

Effects of Water Source and Technology on Energy Use and Environmental Impacts of Rice Production in Northern Iran

Energy Use and Consumption Patterns of Maize Cultivation - A Case Study in Thailand

The integrated farming system is an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective approach to the sustainability of agri‐food systems in the modern era of the changing climate: A comprehensive review

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