Energy and mass flows of housing: a model and example

Johnstone, Ivan M.

doi:10.1016/s0360-1323(99)00065-7

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…dwellings) is the driver for the inflows and outflows of residential buildings and thus in turn for material flows. The stock can be estimated by an assigned "development pattern" [48] or "stock expansion rate" [49], [50]. Alternatively, the stock dynamic can also be defined as a function of the population and the lifestyles of citizens, e.g.…”

Section: Stock Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of anthropogenic metabolism using spatially differentiated continuous MFA

Schiller¹,

Gruhler²,

Ortlepp³

2017

Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coefficient-based, bottom-up material flow analysis is a suitable tool to quantify inflows, outflows and stock dynamics of materials used by societies, and thus can deliver strategic knowledge needed to develop circular economy policies. Anthropogenic stocks and flows are mostly of bulk nonmetallic mineral materials related to the construction, operation and demolition of buildings and infrastructures. Consequently, it is important to be able to quantify circulating construction materials to help estimate the mass of secondary materials which can be recovered such as recycled aggregates (RA) for fresh concrete in new buildings. Yet as such bulk materials are high volume but of low unit value, they are generally produced and consumed within a region. Loops are thus bounded not only by qualitative and technical restrictions but also spatially to within regions. This paper presents a regionalized continuous MFA (C-MFA) approach taking account of these restrictions of local consumption, quality standards and technical limitations, illustrated using the example of Germany. Outflows and inflows of stocks are quantified at county level and generalized by regional type, considering demand and supply for recycled materials. Qualitative and technical potentials of recycling loops are operationalized by defining coefficients to reflect waste management technologies and engineering standards. Results show that 48% of outflows of concrete and bricks are suitable for high-quality recycling, while 52% of outflows do not fulfill the quality requirement and must be recovered or disposed of elsewhere. The achievable inflow to RA is limited by the building activity as well as the requirements of the construction industry, e.g. the RA fraction of fresh concrete must not exceed 32%. In addition, there exist spatial disparities in construction across the country. In Germany, such disparities mean that there will be a shortfall in RA of 6.3 Gt by the year 2020, while the technically available but unusable RA (due to a regional mismatch of potential supply and demand) will total 3.2 Gt. Comprehensive recycling strategies have to combine high-quality recycling with other lower-grade applications for secondary raw materials. Particularly in the case of building materials, essential constraints are not only technical but also local conditions of construction and demolition. These interrelations should be identified and integrated into a comprehensive system to manage the social metabolism of materials in support of circular economy policies.

show abstract

Section: Stock Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of anthropogenic metabolism using spatially differentiated continuous MFA

Schiller¹,

Gruhler²,

Ortlepp³

2017

Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This cost allows estimating the cost per year. The service life for the whole building is considered to be 100 years, as confirmed in various sources (Rudbeck, 2002;Johnstone, 2001aJohnstone, , 2001bDavies and Wyatt, 2004;Article 19 ECO 805/2003). This fits the observed ages of buildings from the Spanish building stock, according to data from the Spanish National Statistics Institute.…”

Section: Depreciation Cost For the Building And Periodic Renewal Of Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Compromise Programming to a semi-detached housing development in order to balance economic and environmental criteria

Aguilar

Olmeda

2013

Journal of the Operational Research Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Versión / Versió:Pre-print requirements, leaving a significant amount of room for the Member States to establish their specific mechanisms, numeric requirements and ways to implement them, taking into account local conditions. With respect to the Spanish case, the search for buildings that are more energy efficient results in a conflict between users' economic objectives and society's environmental objectives. In this paper, Compromise Programming is applied to help in the decision-makingprocess. An appropriate distribution of types of dwellings, according to their energy performance and to the climatic zone considered in Spain, will be suggested. Results provide a compromise solution between both objectives.

show abstract

“…This allows the cost per year to be estimated. The service life for the whole building is considered to be 100 years, as confirmed in various sources [5,[13][14]22] ). This matches the observed ages of buildings from the Spanish building stock according to Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) data.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the building energy rating software for mathematically modelling operation costs in a simulated home

Aguilar

Olmeda

2014

International Journal of Computer Mathematics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using the energy rating software for mathematical modelling of the costs of construction and energy in a simulated homeThe building industry is becoming very important in sustainable development. The recently developed policies in European Union directives on energy and their transposition to Spanish regulations make the Energy Performance Certification process for buildings mandatory. Two software tools have been developed in Spain to carry out this process: Lider and Calener. These software tools have been used in this paper to simulate energy performance in new semidetached houses after taking into account the thermal envelope of the building and facilities. This has been done in different climatic zones in Spain and for all the possible energy ratings. Based on the energy rating and construction cost variables, it has been possible to obtain mathematical models that explain the behaviour of investment costs of buildings based on energy ratings and climatic zones. Depreciation costs, maintenance costs, energy consumption and CO 2 emissions during the service life of a house have also been modelled.

show abstract

Energy and mass flows of housing: a model and example

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Quantification of anthropogenic metabolism using spatially differentiated continuous MFA

Quantification of anthropogenic metabolism using spatially differentiated continuous MFA

Application of Compromise Programming to a semi-detached housing development in order to balance economic and environmental criteria

Using the building energy rating software for mathematically modelling operation costs in a simulated home

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About