Energy and Economic Costs of Chemical Storage

Dias, Véronique; Pochet, Maxime; Contino, Francesco; Jeanmart, Hervé

doi:10.3389/fmech.2020.00021

Cited by 88 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In the frame of mitigating global environmental changes and lessening our reliance on fossil feedstocks 8 – 11 , indium oxide was introduced as a breakthrough catalyst for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol 12 , exhibiting extraordinary high selectivity and superior activity and stability when supported on monoclinic ZrO 2 13 – 15 . Mechanistic investigations indicated that vacancies formed at a specific surface lattice position mediate CO 2 activation and H 2 heterolytic splitting 16 – 19 , the latter unlocking the preferential formation of methanol instead of CO via the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructure of nickel-promoted indium oxide catalysts drives selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation

et al. 2021

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Metal promotion in heterogeneous catalysis requires nanoscale-precision architectures to attain maximized and durable benefits. Herein, we unravel the complex interplay between nanostructure and product selectivity of nickel-promoted In2O3 in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol through in-depth characterization, theoretical simulations, and kinetic analyses. Up to 10 wt.% nickel, InNi3 patches are formed on the oxide surface, which cannot activate CO2 but boost methanol production supplying neutral hydrogen species. Since protons and hydrides generated on In2O3 drive methanol synthesis rather than the reverse water-gas shift but radicals foster both reactions, nickel-lean catalysts featuring nanometric alloy layers provide a favorable balance between charged and neutral hydrogen species. For nickel contents >10 wt.%, extended InNi3 structures favor CO production and metallic nickel additionally present produces some methane. This study marks a step ahead towards green methanol synthesis and uncovers chemistry aspects of nickel that shall spark inspiration for other catalytic applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructure of nickel-promoted indium oxide catalysts drives selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation

et al. 2021

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“…Gas networks present much more storage potential than electrical networks (e.g., 50 times more in Germany and 300 times more in France) [13]. Where batteries exhibit limited storage capacity (up to 10 MWh) as well as self-discharge losses, electrofuels are an economical solution for high capacity (from 100 GWh) and long-term (i.e., from months to years) storage of energy [14,15]. Besides storing energy, in their analysis of the German transport sector in 2050, Millinger et al [16] highlighted that producing electrofuels can represent a better usage of the ambient CO 2 than carbon capture and storage (CCS) to supply hydrocarbon fuels while limiting the curtailment of VRES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Electrofuels under Uncertainties for the Belgian Energy Transition

et al. 2021

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Wind and solar energies present a time and space disparity that generally leads to a mismatch between the demand and the supply. To harvest their maximum potentials, one of the main challenges is the storage and transport of these energies. This challenge can be tackled by electrofuels, such as hydrogen, methane, and methanol. They offer three main advantages: compatibility with existing distribution networks or technologies of conversion, economical storage solution for high capacity, and ability to couple sectors (i.e., electricity to transport, to heat, or to industry). However, the level of contribution of electric-energy carriers is unknown. To assess their role in the future, we used whole-energy system modelling (EnergyScope Typical Days) to study the case of Belgium in 2050. This model is multi-energy and multi-sector. It optimises the design of the overall system to minimise its costs and emissions. Such a model relies on many parameters (e.g., price of natural gas, efficiency of heat pump) to represent as closely as possible the future energy system. However, these parameters can be highly uncertain, especially for long-term planning. Consequently, this work uses the polynomial chaos expansion method to integrate a global sensitivity analysis in order to highlight the influence of the parameters on the total cost of the system. The outcome of this analysis points out that, compared to the deterministic cost-optimum situation, the system cost, accounting for uncertainties, becomes higher (+17%) and twice more uncertain at carbon neutrality and that electrofuels are a major contribution to the uncertainty (up to 53% in the variation of the costs) due to their importance in the energy system and their high uncertainties, their higher price, and uncertainty.

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“…Chemical energy storage covers technologies where electrical energy produces chemical compounds that could later generate electricity [21]. Electricity can be stored through the production of gas or liquid that could later be used for energy generation or direct utilization [23]. In contrast to the previous three types, the production plant for chemical energy storage is often separate from the generation plant.…”

Section: Electrical Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Cost-Optimal Assessment of Complementary Diurnal Electricity Storage Capacity in High PV Penetration Grid

Dumlao

Ishihara

2021

Energies

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Solar Photovoltaics (PV) is seen as one of the renewable energy technologies that could help reduce the world’s dependence on fossil fuels. However, since it is dependent on the sun, it can only generate electricity in the daytime, and this restriction is exacerbated in electricity grids with high PV penetration, where solar energy must be curtailed due to the mismatch between supply and demand. This study conducts a techno-economic analysis to present the cost-optimal storage growth trajectory that could support the dynamic integration of solar PV within a planning horizon. A methodology for cost-optimal assessment that incorporates hourly simulation, Monte Carlo random sampling, and a proposed financial assessment is presented. This approach was tested in Japan’s southernmost region since it is continuously increasing its solar capacity and is at the precipice of high PV curtailment scenario. The results show the existence of a cost-optimal storage capacity growth trajectory that balances the cost penalty from curtailment and the additional investment cost from storage. This optimal trajectory reduces the impact of curtailment on the energy generation cost to manageable levels and utilizes more solar energy potential that further reduces CO2 emissions. The results also show that the solar capacity growth rate and storage cost significantly impact the optimal trajectory. The incorporation of the Monte Carlo method significantly reduced the computational requirement of the analysis enabling the exploration of several growth trajectories, and the proposed financial assessment enabled the time-bound optimization of these trajectories. The approach could be used to calculate the optimal growth trajectories in other nations or regions, provided that historical hourly temperature, irradiance, and demand data are available.

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Energy and Economic Costs of Chemical Storage

Cited by 88 publications

References 63 publications

Nanostructure of nickel-promoted indium oxide catalysts drives selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation

Nanostructure of nickel-promoted indium oxide catalysts drives selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation

The Role of Electrofuels under Uncertainties for the Belgian Energy Transition

Dynamic Cost-Optimal Assessment of Complementary Diurnal Electricity Storage Capacity in High PV Penetration Grid

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