Energy analysis using semi‐Markov modeling for the base station in 5G networks

Abstract

SummaryWith the increasing prevalence of wireless sensor networks, the uninterrupted operation of these networks becomes essential. To ensure continuous functionality, wireless networks rely on available base stations (BSs). However, the persistent operation of BSs comes at the cost of substantial energy consumption. Consequently, given the surge in wireless network traffic and the necessity for uninterrupted BS availability, energy efficiency within the BS becomes a concerning issue. To address this, the study employs a semi‐Markov model to depict the availability of the BS, with states corresponding to the failures of its components (baseband unit, remote unit, and software module). The analysis yields a steady‐state solution, with reward rates assigned to each state based on the energy consumption of individual BS components. This approach enables the determination of the expected energy consumption within this model. Additionally, the BS's throughput is assessed using an M/G/1 queueing model with server breakdown.