Energy Absorption Capability and Crashworthiness of Composite Material Structures: A Review

Carruthers, J. J.; Kettle, A. P.; Robinson, Alice M.

doi:10.1115/1.3100758

Cited by 131 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…Using SAE to compare the energy absorption capability of crushable energy absorbers fabricated by different structures and materials (i.e., metallic, composites, and alloys) is a widely accepted criterion in crashworthiness design of vehicle in the past decades (Thornton, 1979;Mamalis et al, 1997;Carruthers et al, 1998;Lu and Xu, 2003;Tarlochan and Ramesh, 2012;. Generally, the larger the value of the SAE, the more efficient the energy absorber will be.…”

Section: Effect Of Fiber Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Can Plant-Based Natural Flax Replace Basalt and E-Glass for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tubular Energy Absorbers? A Comparative Study on Quasi-Static Axial Crushing

2017

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Using plant-based natural fibers to substitute glass fibers as reinforcement of composite materials is of particular interest due to their economic, technical, and environmental significance. One potential application of plant-based natural fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is in automotive engineering as crushable energy absorbers. Current study experimentally investigated and compared the energy absorption efficiency of plant-based natural flax, mineral-based basalt, and glass FRP (GFRP) composite tubular energy absorbers subjected to quasi-static axial crushing. The effects of number of flax fabric layer, the use of foam filler and the type of fiber materials on the crashworthiness characteristics, and energy absorption capacities were discussed. In addition, the failure mechanisms of the hollow and foam-filled flax, basalt, and GFRP tubes in quasi-static axial crushing were analyzed and compared. The test results showed that the energy absorption capabilities of both hollow and foam-filled energy absorbers made of flax were superior to the corresponding energy absorbers made of basalt and were close to energy absorbers made of glass. This study, therefore, indicated that flax fiber has the great potential to be suitable replacement of basalt and glass fibers for crushable energy absorber application.

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Section: Effect Of Fiber Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Can Plant-Based Natural Flax Replace Basalt and E-Glass for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tubular Energy Absorbers? A Comparative Study on Quasi-Static Axial Crushing

2017

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“…A variety of cellular structures have been investigated with the aim of improving understanding of compressive response and thus maximising energy absorption over a range of representative impact conditions. These include metal [3][4][5] and polymeric [6][7][8][9] foams, composites [10][11][12] and honeycombs [13][14][15]. One notable feature of this class of materials is the enhance-ment of crushing strength observed under dynamic loading due to inertial effects, as seen by Reid and Peng [16] in wood, Tan et al [17] in aluminium foams and Xue and Hutchinson [18] and Wu and Jiang [19] in metallic honeycombs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution simulations of energy absorption in dynamically loaded cellular structures

et al. 2016

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Cellular materials have potential application as absorbers of energy generated by high velocity impact. CTH, a Sandia National Laboratories Code which allows very severe strains to be simulated, has been used to perform very high resolution simulations showing the dynamic crushing of a series of two-dimensional, stainless steel metal structures with varying architectures. The structures are positioned to provide a cushion between a solid stainless steel flyer plate with velocities ranging from 300 to 900 m/s, and an initially stationary stainless steel target. Each of the alternative architectures under consideration was formed by an array of identical cells each of which had a constant volume and a constant density. The resolution of the simulations was maximised by choosing a configuration in which onedimensional conditions persisted for the full period over which the specimen densified, a condition which is most readily met by impacting high density specimens at high velocity. It was found that the total plastic flow and, therefore, the irreversible energy dissipated in the fully densified energy absorbing cell, increase (a) as the structure becomes more rodlike and less platelike and (b) as the impact velocity increases. Sequential CTH images of the deformation processes show that the flow of the cell material may be broadly divided into macroscopic flow perpendicular to the compression direction and jetting-type processes (microki- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK netic flow) which tend to predominate in rod and rodlike configurations and also tend to play an increasing role at increased strain rates. A very simple analysis of a configuration in which a solid flyer impacts a solid target provides a baseline against which to compare and explain features seen in the simulations. The work provides a basis for the development of energy absorbing structures for application in the 200-1000 m/s impact regime.

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“…How to design the protective structure to minimise the damage from outburst and explosion, is always a concerned problem. As it is known, the layered media with different wave impedance have a significant effect on the attenuation characteristics of explosive wave for military protection and civil engineering [1,2]. So, it is an effective way to adopt layered structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation Characteristics of Explosive Waves in Layered Media Numerical Analysis

Xia¹,

Dong²,

Chen³

et al. 2009

DSJ

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The layered media under one-dimensional strain with different wave-impedance materials have been studied. The three typical prototypes have been analysized, including steel plate, aluminum foam, and concrete as the middle layer, and the upper and lower layers are concrete material. The attenuation of the amplitude of stress at different positions, the peak stress and the duration at the dissimilar material interface, and the absorbing energy distribution in different layers for different models have been obtained by numerical simulation. The material of the middle layer with lower impedance can effectively reduce the amplitude of stress, increase the duration of explosive wave, and change the distribution of energy in different layers. But the influence of the middle layer with higher impedance material on layered media is contrary. The middle layer with soft material is the better matching of wave impedance to explosive wave propagation. The analytical conclusions are of great significance for the design of protective structures against the explosion-induced hazards and mine safety protection from outburst and explosion.

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Energy Absorption Capability and Crashworthiness of Composite Material Structures: A Review

Cited by 131 publications

References 0 publications

Can Plant-Based Natural Flax Replace Basalt and E-Glass for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tubular Energy Absorbers? A Comparative Study on Quasi-Static Axial Crushing

Can Plant-Based Natural Flax Replace Basalt and E-Glass for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tubular Energy Absorbers? A Comparative Study on Quasi-Static Axial Crushing

High resolution simulations of energy absorption in dynamically loaded cellular structures

Propagation Characteristics of Explosive Waves in Layered Media Numerical Analysis

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