Energy-absorbing performance of graded Voronoi foams

Lin, Hui; Li, Lin; Zhang, Jianjun; Wang, Zhihua

doi:10.1177/0021955x19853422

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Therefore, it is worthy to explore the processing and mechanisms of graded cellular polymers, which can be used to control desirable properties and behaviors. For example, researchers investigated the behaviors of voronoi-type density gradient foams using the finite element (FE) method [ 80 ]. The results obtained show that the energy absorption is linked to the profiles of graded cell distribution.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Aspects and Computer Modeling Of Polymer Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latest advances of energy absorption (or impact resistance) for functionally graded foams relate to density and temperature gradients during foam processing. For example, an increasing temperature gradient leads to the reducing of energy absorption capacity in functionally graded foam [ 80 , 81 ].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Aspects and Computer Modeling Of Polymer Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress in Processing Functionally Graded Polymer Foams

2020

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Polymer foams are an important class of engineering material that are finding diverse applications, including as structural parts in automotive industry, insulation in construction, core materials for sandwich composites, and cushioning in mattresses. The vast majority of these manufactured foams are homogeneous with respect to porosity and structural properties. In contrast, while cellular materials are also ubiquitous in nature, nature mostly fabricates heterogeneous foams, e.g., cellulosic plant stems like bamboo, or a human femur bone. Foams with such engineered porosity distribution (graded density structure) have useful property gradients and are referred to as functionally graded foams. Functionally graded polymer foams are one of the key emerging innovations in polymer foam technology. They allow enhancement in properties such as energy absorption, more efficient use of material, and better design for specific applications, such as helmets and tissue restorative scaffolds. Here, following an overview of key processing parameters for polymer foams, we explore recent developments in processing functionally graded polymer foams and their emerging structures and properties. Processes can be as simple as utilizing different surface materials from which the foam forms, to as complex as using microfluidics. We also highlight principal challenges that need addressing in future research, the key one being development of viable generic processes that allow (complete) control and tailoring of porosity distribution on an application-by-application basis.

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Section: Thermodynamic Aspects and Computer Modeling Of Polymer Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermodynamic Aspects and Computer Modeling Of Polymer Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Processing Functionally Graded Polymer Foams

2020

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“…in packaging or impact absorbers. 2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Next to that, in thermal insulation applications the low thermal conductivity of foams is utilized. 2,[15][16][17][18] Especially closed cell foams have very low thermal conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This special mechanical behaviour under compression can be efficiently used in several applications, e.g. in packaging or impact absorbers 2,8–14. Next to that, in thermal insulation applications the low thermal conductivity of foams is utilized 2,15–18.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview and comparison of modelling methods for foams

Hössinger-Kalteis

Reiter

Jerabek

et al. 2020

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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Cellular materials, especially foams, are widely used in several applications because of their special mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Their properties are determined by three factors: bulk material properties, cell topology and shape as well as relative density. The bulk material properties include the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of the matrix. The cell topology determines if the foam exhibits stretch or bending dominated behaviour. The relative density corresponds to the foaming degree. It is defined by the cell edge length and cell wall thickness. Especially for the linear elastic properties there are many different modelling approaches. In general, these methods can be divided into two groups namely direct modelling, e.g. analytical and finite element models and constitutive modelling, e.g. models which are generated through homogenization methods. This paper presents an overview of the different modelling methods for foams. Furthermore, sensitivity studies are presented which enable the comparison of the models with regard to the estimation of the elastic properties, show the limits of those models and enable the investigation of the influence of the above mentioned factors on the elastic properties. Selected models are validated with experimental data of a low density foam regarding the Young’s modulus.

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“…13,14 Different designs are used for the manufacturing of the helmets to increase the impact energy absorption 15 such as placing the inserts into the foam (honeycomb structure) or changing the foam design to corrugation and more recently using voronoi designed foams. 16 Honeycomb are cellular structures that comprise of hollow cells between thin vertical walls. Honeycomb structure has superior energy absorption capabilities in addition to its high strength-to-weight ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced energy absorption characteristics of novel integrated hybrid honeycomb/polystyrene foam

Bhudolia

Gohel

Leong

2020

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) is commonly used as an inner liner for a bicycle helmet due to its outstanding energy absorption characteristic and light-weight property. The current investigation presents a novel technique to manufacture hybrid EPS/honeycomb structure foam using an integrated manufacturing approach to further enhance the energy dissipation properties for improved safety against head injuries. Different foam designs were analysed under curb-stone impact tests and the failure mechanisms are deliberated. Integrated EPS-honeycomb hybrid liners have shown up to 20% higher energy absorption, with the additional energy being absorbed in associated densification of foam and the elastic buckling features of the honeycomb.

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Energy-absorbing performance of graded Voronoi foams

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Recent Progress in Processing Functionally Graded Polymer Foams

Recent Progress in Processing Functionally Graded Polymer Foams

Overview and comparison of modelling methods for foams

Enhanced energy absorption characteristics of novel integrated hybrid honeycomb/polystyrene foam

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