Energetics of Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) Embryos and Larvae Exposed to Low Conentrations of Benzene, a Monoaromatic Component of Crude Oil

Eldridge, Maxwell B.; Echeverria, Tina; Whipple, Jeannette A.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1977)106<452:eophch>2.0.co;2

Cited by 56 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Such a deficit would lead to starvation if the ability to feed did not soon develop. Other workers were not able to detect an energy deficit prior to active feeding (Gray, 1926;Smith, 1947, Toetz, 1966Laurence, 1969Laurence, , 1973Eldridge et al, 1977). Our data add to the evidence that starvation due to the exhaustion of endogenous energy reserves coupled with the physical inability to feed may not be one of the major causes of mortality during the 'critical period'.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Yolk Utilization in Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) Embryos and Larvae Reared at Two Temperatures

Johns¹,

Howell²

1980

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The influence of rearing temperature on growth and yolk utilization in embryos and larvae of the summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus has been investigated. Rates of development, growth and yolk conversion efficiencies were determined for embryos and larvae reared at 16' and 21 ' C . Larvae reared at 21 "C completed total yolk absorption sooner than did larvae reared at 16 "C. However, no significant differences were found in total body length, ash-free dry weight or yolk utilization efficiency for larvae from the two groups. The similarity in growth and yolk utilization efficiency for larvae reared at the two temperatures suggests that the physiological mechanisms involved are able to compensate for temperature changes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Yolk Utilization in Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) Embryos and Larvae Reared at Two Temperatures

Johns¹,

Howell²

1980

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…This maximal gross growth efficiency for fish larvae is intermediate in value to the efficiency of yolk utilization by fish embryos and larvae and the gross growth efficiency of juvenile and adult fish. Lasker (1962) Eldridge et al (1977) reported a yolk utilization efficiency of 0.74 for embryos and of 0.44 for larvae of Pacific herring. Similarly, the efficiency of converting yolk for embryos of other organisms is approximately 0.6 (Calow, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of growth to ingestion for larvae of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus and other fish

Checkley¹

1984

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Larvae of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus were reared on wild plankton and Artemia salina nauplii in the laboratory at 7 to 9OC for 95 d. Between ages of 20 and 38 d, larvae were fed only Artemia nauplii and the specific rates of ingestion and growth were measured and compared. Relations of rate and efficiency of growth to ingestion were similar in terms of carbon and nitrogen. Growth was linearly related to ingestion (r2 = 0.89, n = 9). Starved larvae lost mass at a specific rate of 0.03 d-I (3 % d l ) until death at 14 d. A specific ingestion rate of 0.04 d 1 was required to balance defecation and metabolism. Gross growth efficiency (growth ratehngestion rate) rose from -1.2 at a low ingestion rate (0.015 d l ) to 0.4 at the greatest observed ingestion rate (0.11 d ' ) . Condition factor (dry weight length3) was significantly related to both ingestion rate and length (r2 = 0.69, n = 20). These results, combined with those for other fish larvae, indicate an asymptotic relation between rates of growth and ingestion such that gross growth efficiency is maximal (0.4) at intermediate ingestion rate. Fish larvae surviving in the sea appear to maximize their ingestion rate and thus grow rapidly but with a reduced efficiency.

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“…Increase of oxygen consumption rates at hatching is well established. It was reported for three species of Acipenser (Korzhuev et al 1960), Clupea harengus (Holliday et al 1964;Eldridge et al 1977), Micropterus salmoides (Laurence 1969), Cyprinus carpio (Kaushik et al 1982), Pleuronectes platessa and lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus, Lønning et al 1988), Tinca tinca (Kamler et al 1995), and Dicentrarchus labrax (Rønnestad et al 1998) among others. In a tropical demersal fish, rabbitfish (Siganus randalli) the factorial scope for post-hatching activity was expressed as a ratio between oxygen consumption values after and before hatching (0.67 and 0.08 lg O 2 indiv.…”

Section: Ontogenetic Sequence In Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…À1 ) AGR (J indiv. À1 day À1 ) G (day À1 ) Source a Heming (1982) converted from dry matter to energy basing on Kamler and Kato (1983); 2, converted from wet to dry matter basing on Ryzhkov (1973), converted from dry matter to energy basing on Kamler and Kato (1983); 3, Ryzhkov (1976) embryos at 7.8-8.3°C, larvae at 15°C; 4, Kamler and Kato (1983) 4-years old female; 5, Kamler and Kato (1983) 3-years old female; 6, Raciborski (1987); 7, Ryzhkov (1976) embryos at 7.5-8.9°C, larvae at 11.3°C; 8, Kamler and Kato (1983) offspring of 2-years old female; 9, Kamler et al (1998); 10, Laurence (1969); 11, Conceição et al (1997b) Y 0 and caloric values of larval tissues at hatch and at yolk resorption from Kamler et al (1994); 12, Kamler et al (1994); 13, Eldridge et al (1982) the value for embryos is given by the authors, that for yolk-feeding larvae is recomputed; 14, Eldridge et al (1977) control larvae; 15, Toetz (1966); 16, Quantz (1985) consumed defines the apparent nitrogen quotient (NQ). The average NQ value for protein oxidation was 0.27 (Gnaiger 1983), the NQ for aerobic catabolism of an ''average amino acid'' in Microstomus kitt embryos was 0.26 (Rønnestad et al 1992b).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource allocation in yolk-feeding fish

Kamler

2007

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

220

175

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An insight is made into the main processes that occur in fish during endogenous feeding period. The ways in which yolk absorption rate can be measured are evaluated. Essential amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids are preferentially retained for incorporation into body tissue. Profound physiological and anatomical changes in yolk and a sequence of slow, fast, and a second period of slow absorption occur during the endogenous feeding period. Attempts to quantify the ontogenetic sequence are reviewed. Various methods of body size assessment are compared, and sources of bias in individual and population growth estimates are discussed. Several calorimetric methods are compared of which direct calorimetry using an oxygen bomb is the reference method. An advanced elemental analysis (CHNS) is a reliable technique that is adequate for early stages. Indices of growth potential are reviewed including a comparison of different measures, models and approaches used to estimate growth. Changes in body hydration, caloric value, content of lipids, protein, free amino acids (FAA) and minerals, and in content of RNA and DNA occur in early ontogeny. Ways to quantify metabolic rate are identified. Mean relative respiration rate of initial egg before activation is very low, about 20 mm 3 g À1 h À1 . Ontogenetic sequence in absolute metabolic rate of fish embryos and yolk-feeding larvae involves an increase through hatching to a peak at the time of first feeding ability, and a decrease under starvation. Models predicting the relationship between oxygen consumption and age in yolk-feeding fish are reviewed. Sequence of metabolic fuels begins with use of small molecules as carbohydrates, soon switched to FAA. Later lipids are progressively used, they provide energy for swimming activity. After yolk depletion body protein-bound amino acids are mobilised. In this review I focused on the major environmental variables as temperature, oxygen, salinity, pH, toxic xenobiotics, light, UV radiation, magnetic field and substrate, along with intrinsic factors as egg or body size, sex and genetic factors. A question was posed on how the extrinsic and intrinsic factors determine yolk absorption, growth and metabolic rates in yolk-feeding fish. Special attention is devoted to fish body size attained exclusively on yolk. A considerable variety of body size responses to temperature was found, for which several explanations are forwarded. Methodological progress made recently is characterised and the most conspicious advances in understanding of fish early life history are highlighted. Information derived from these studies can be used in management of fish populations in the field and to optimise activities in aquaculture.

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Energetics of Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) Embryos and Larvae Exposed to Low Conentrations of Benzene, a Monoaromatic Component of Crude Oil

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

Yolk Utilization in Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) Embryos and Larvae Reared at Two Temperatures

Yolk Utilization in Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) Embryos and Larvae Reared at Two Temperatures

Relation of growth to ingestion for larvae of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus and other fish

Resource allocation in yolk-feeding fish

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