Energetics, GHG emissions and economics in nitrogen management practices under potato cultivation: a farm-level study

Banerjee, Hirak; Sarkar, Sukamal; Ray, Krishnendu

doi:10.1007/s40974-017-0058-7

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, our study contradicts the previous findings of Banerjee et al [33] and Ray et al [22] who observed higher energy and cost involvement in potato cultivation. The reason may be that unlike other parts of West Bengal where potato is sown after heavy tillage to pulverize the post-paddy soil, the coastal area is mostly dominated by zero-tillage potato cultivated areas.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…However, such issues do not necessarily imply that agriculture is at a point of no return. In fact, farm-based enterprises still form the main livelihood option for the rural people in Sundarbans [33,34], and they ask for efficient utilization of scarce resources to extract more output from existing production systems. Rainy (kharif ) rice is central to the cropping systems in coastal West Bengal, grown in an estimated area of 3.33 lakh ha with a production of 8.15 lakh tonnes in the South 24 Parganas district [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Economic Sustainability of Cropping Systems in the Salt–Affected Coastal Zone of West Bengal, India

et al. 2023

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Identifying productive, profitable, and less risky cropping systems is pivotal for ensuring sustainable farm–based livelihoods in the context of climatic uncertainties and market volatility, particularly in many developing nations. Conventional field crop research often identifies the best or optimal solutions based on treatment replicates at a specific point in time without considering the influence of market volatility and climatic uncertainties. To address this gap, we conducted an assessment of productivity profitability and climate– and market–uncertainty-driven risk for eleven different rice-based cropping systems (eight existing and three potential systems) in the coastal region of Gosaba Block, West Bengal, India. Farmers’ observations of the best, typical, and worst seasonal yields and price data for the selected cropping systems over the last five to seven years were collected from fifty farm households. Irrespective of the scenarios, the rice–lathyrus systems, followed by rice–onion and rice–lentil systems, recorded the lowest rice equivalent yields and system yields. However, the highest rice equivalent yields and system yields were recorded for rice–chilli systems, followed by rice–tomato and rice–potato–green-gram systems. Per hectare, total paid–out cost (TPC) of rice–tomato systems was higher, followed by rice–chilli, rice–potato–green–gram, and rice–potato systems. However, irrespective of seasonal conditions (best, normal, and worst), rice–chilli systems gave a higher net return followed by rice–tomato and rice–potato–green–gram systems. The rice–fallow system recorded the lowest value for both parameters. Under the worst seasonal conditions, the rice–onion system gave a negative net return. Under all the scenarios, the rice–chilli system gave the highest benefit over cost, followed by the rice–tomato, rice–potato–green-gram, and rice–potato systems. The cumulative probability distribution (CDF) of per ha net income of the rice–tomato system showed first–degree stochastic dominance over other systems, implying that the system is economically the most profitable and less risky. Additionally, the CDF of net income per ha of the rice–chilli system showed second–degree stochastic dominance over the rest of the systems, indicating that the system is economically more profitable and less risky than other rice/non–rice cropping systems except for the rice–tomato system. Furthermore, the risk analysis results suggest that the likelihood of obtaining negative net income was nil for the selected cropping systems, except the rice–onion system had a slight chance (<1%) of providing a negative net return. Considering the productivity and economic viability (e.g., profitability and risk) of different rice–based systems, it is recommended to promote the adoption of the rice–vegetable systems, especially rice–tomato and rice–chilli from among the existing systems and rice–potato–green-gram systems from among the potential systems, for achieving sustainable intensification in these coastal saline tracts of the region.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Economic Sustainability of Cropping Systems in the Salt–Affected Coastal Zone of West Bengal, India

et al. 2023

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“…However, our study contradicts previous findings of Banerjee, et al [17] and Ray, et al [29] who observed higher energy and cost involvement in potato cultivation. The reason may be that unlike other parts of West Bengal where potato is sown after heavy tillage to pulverize the post-paddy soil, coastal area is mostly dominated by zero tillage potato cultivated areas.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…However, such propositions do not necessarily imply agriculture's point of no returns in this area. In fact, farm-based enterprises still form the main livelihood option for the rural people in Sundarbans [17,18] and asks for an efficient utilization of scarce resources to extract more output from existing production systems. Rainy (kharif) rice is central to the cropping systems in coastal West Bengal, grown in an estimated area of 3.33 lakh ha with a production of8.15lakh tonnes in south 24 Parganas district [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Economic Sustainability of Cropping Systems in the Salt-Affected Coastal Zone of West Bengal, India

Ray¹,

Mandal²,

Kabir³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Identifying productive, profitable and less risky cropping systems is important for sustaining farm-based livelihoods in the context of climatic uncertainties and market volatility in many developing nations. Reductionist field crop research identifies the best-bet solutions based on treatment replicates at a single point in time, which may not account for price instability under climatic uncertainties and volatile markets. Keeping this in mind, we estimated productivity, profitability and weather-related risk from eleven different rice-based cropping systems (eight existing and three potential systems) in the coastal region of West Bengal, India. Information on the crop management practices, yield and prices of the component crops of these eleven cropping systems, under ’best,’ ’normal’ and ‘worst’ situations (scenario), were collected through a ques-tionnaire survey on50 farms of Gosaba Block, West Bengal, India. Irrespective of the scenarios, the rice-lathyrus systems, followed by rice-onion and rice-lentil systems recorded the lowest rice-equivalent yields and system yields. However, the highest rice-equivalent yields and system yields were recorded for rice-chilli systems, followed by rice-tomato and rice-potato-green gram systems. Per hectare total paid-out cost (TPC) of rice-tomato systems was higher, followed by rice-chilli, rice-potato-green gram and rice-potato systems. However, irrespective of seasonal conditions (best, normal and worst), rice-chilli systems gave a higher net return followed by rice-tomato and rice-potato-green gram systems. The rice-fallow system recorded the lowest value for both parameters. Under the worst seasonal conditions, the rice-onion system gave a negative net return. Under all the scenarios, the highest B:C ratio was observed for rice-chilli, rice-tomato, rice-potato-green gram and rice-potato systems. The cumulative probability distribution of the rice-tomato system showed first-degree stochastic dominance over other systems and the rice-chilli system showed second-degree stochastic dominance over the rest of the systems. Only the rice-onion system had a small chance (< 1%) of a negative net return, while the rest of the cropping systems were highly likely to get a positive net return. Taking productivity, economics, and risk assessment of different rice-based systems into account, rice-vegetable systems, especially rice-tomato and rice-chilli among the existing systems and rice-potato-green gram system among the potential systems, can be recommended for sustainable intensification in these coastal saline tracts of the region. We also discuss additional socio-economic factors explored by in-depth in-terviews with the farmers, which might influence the adoption and upscaling of these cropping systems in the region.

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“…Unfortunately, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) could not exceed 50% in lowland rice fields in India ( Li et al, 2017 ). The residual N is either lost through surface runoff, leaching, deep percolation or contributes a significant amount of N 2 O (nitrous oxide, a potential greenhouse gas) into the atmosphere ( Banerjee, Sarkar & Ray, 2017 ; Banerjee et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling nitrogen management in hybrid rice for coastal ecosystem of West Bengal, India

Sarkar

Ray

Garai

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Hybrid rice requires adequate nitrogen (N) management in order to achieve good yields from its vegetative and reproductive development. With this backdrop, a field experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station (Coastal Saline Zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kakdwip, West Bengal (India) to record growth and yield performance of hybrid rice (cv. PAN 2423) under varied N-fertilizer doses. A modelling approach was adopted for the first time in hybrid rice production system under coastal ecosystem of West Bengal (India). In the present study, the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model was calibrated and validated for simulating a hybrid rice production system with different N rates. The APSIM based crop simulation model was found to capture the physiological changes of hybrid rice under varied N rates effectively. While studying the relationship between simulated and observed yield data, we observed that the equations developed by APSIM were significant with higher R2 values (≥0.812). However, APSIM caused an over-estimation for calibrate data but it was rectified for validated data. The RMSE of models for all the cases was less than respective SD values and the normalized RMSE values were ≤20%. Hence, it was proved to be a good rationalized modelling and the performance of APSIM was robust. On the contrary, APSIM underestimated the calibrated amount of N (kg ha−1) in storage organ of hybrid rice, which was later rectified in case of validated data. A strong correlation existed between the observed and APSIM-simulated amounts of N in storage organ of hybrid rice (R2 = 0.94** and 0.96** for the calibration and validation data sets, respectively), which indicates the robustness of the APSIM simulation study. Scenario analysis also suggests that the optimal N rate will increase from 160 to 200 kg N ha−1 for the greatest hybrid rice production in coming years under elevated CO2 levels in the atmosphere. The APSIM-Oryza crop model had successfully predicted the variation in aboveground biomass and grain yield of hybrid rice under different climatic conditions.

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Energetics, GHG emissions and economics in nitrogen management practices under potato cultivation: a farm-level study

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Assessment of Economic Sustainability of Cropping Systems in the Salt–Affected Coastal Zone of West Bengal, India

Assessment of Economic Sustainability of Cropping Systems in the Salt–Affected Coastal Zone of West Bengal, India

Assessment of Economic Sustainability of Cropping Systems in the Salt-Affected Coastal Zone of West Bengal, India

Modelling nitrogen management in hybrid rice for coastal ecosystem of West Bengal, India

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