Energetically Optimal Cadence vs. Freely-Chosen Cadence During Cycling: Effect of Exercise Duration

Brisswalter, Jeanick; Hausswirth, Christophe; Smith, D.; Vercruyssen, Fabrice; Vallier, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1055/s-2000-8857

Cited by 85 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…On the contrary, reaction time tended to improve. On the one hand, the absence of a negative dual-task effect on reaction time could be the result of the freely chosen pedalling rate, which was economical and required little concentration (Brisswalter et al, 1995(Brisswalter et al, , 2000Arcelin et al, 1997). On the other, the choice reaction time task and cycling task may not share the same resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitating effects of exercise on information processing

Davranche

Audiffren²

2004

Journal of Sports Sciences

125

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The aim of this study was to examine the facilitating effects of moderate physical exercise on the reaction process to gain a better understanding of the interaction between physiological and cognitive processes. Sixteen participants with specific expertise in decision-making sports performed a double task consisting of choice reaction time while cycling. Signal quality, stimulus-response compatibility and time uncertainty were manipulated. Participants were tested at rest and while cycling at 20% and at 50% of their maximal aerobic power. A mood assessment questionnaire and a critical flicker fusion test were administered before and after the choice reaction time task. The results showed that moderate-intensity exercise (50% maximal aerobic power) improves cognitive performance and that low-intensity exercise (20% maximal aerobic power) enables participants to compensate the negative dual-task effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitating effects of exercise on information processing

Davranche

Audiffren²

2004

Journal of Sports Sciences

125

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“…[44][45][46] Endurance-trained athletes have more type I than type II fibres. 47,48 Type I fibres are highly oxidative low glycolytic fibres with a higher fat oxidation and lower production of lactic acid than type II fibres.…”

Section: Distribution Of Muscle Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal exercise intensities for fat metabolism in handbike cycling and cycling

2004

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Study design: Energy expenditure (EE) and fat oxidation in handbike cycling compared to cycling in order to determine the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation in handbike cycling. Objective: To establish the exercise intensity with the highest fat oxidation rate in handbike cycling compared with cycling (control group) in order to give training recommendations for spinal cord-injured (SCI) athletes performing handbike cycling. Setting: Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland. Methods: Eight endurance-trained handbike cyclists (VO 2 peak handbike cycling 37.577.8 ml/kg/ min) and eight endurance trained cyclists (VO 2 peak cycling 62.574.5 ml/kg/min) performed three 20-min exercise blocks at 55, 65 and 75% VO 2 peak in handbike cycling on a treadmill or in cycling on a cycling ergometer, respectively, in order to find the intensity with the absolutely highest fat oxidation. Results: The contribution of fat to total EE was highest (39.1716.3% EE) at 55% VO 2 peak in handbike cycling compared to cycling, where highest contribution of fat to EE (50.8713.8%) was found at 75% VO 2 peak. In handbike cycling, the highest absolute fat oxidation (0.2870.10 g/min) was found at 55% VO 2 peak compared to cycling, where highest fat oxidation (0.6770.20 g/min) was found at 75% VO 2 peak. Conclusion: Well-trained handbike cyclists have their highest fat oxidation at 55% VO 2 peak handbike cycling compared to well-trained cyclists at 75% VO 2 peak cycling . Handbike cyclists should perform endurance exercise training at 55% VO 2 peak handbike cycling , whereas well-trained cyclists should be able to exercise at 75% VO 2 peak cycling . For training recommendations, the heart rate at 55% VO 2 peak handbike cycling lies at 13576 bpm in handbike cycling in SCI compared to 147714 bpm at 75% VO 2 peak cycling in well-trained cyclists. We presume that the reduced muscle mass involved in exercise during handbike cycling is the most important factor for impaired fat oxidation compared to cycling. But also other factors as fitness level and haemodynamic differences should be considered. Our results are only applicable to well-trained handbike cyclists with SCI and not for the general SCI population.

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“…It should be noted that two studies have shown cadence to be unaffected by 30 to 60 min of cycling. 49,50 Future research is required to elucidate this.…”

Section: Draftingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Cadence Choice During Submaximal Cycling and Cadence Influence on Performance

Hansen

Smith²

2009

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Cadence choice during cycling has been of considerable interest among cyclists, coaches, and researchers for nearly 100 years. The present review examines and summarizes the current knowledge of factors affecting the freely chosen cadence during submaximal cycling and of the influence of cadence choice on performance. In addition, suggestions for future research are given along with scientifically based, practical recommendations for those involved in cycling. Within the past 10 years, a number of papers have been published that have brought novel insight into the subject. For example, under the influence of spinal central pattern generators, a robust innate voluntary motor rhythm has been suggested as the primary basis for freely chosen cadence in cycling. This might clarify the cadence paradox in which the freely chosen cadence during low-to-moderate submaximal cycling is considerably higher and thereby less economical than the energetically optimal cadence. A number of factors, including age, power output, and road gradient, have been shown to affect the choice of cadence to some extent. During high-intensity cycling, close to the maximal aerobic power output, cyclists choose an energetically economical cadence that is also favorable for performance. In contrast, the choice of a relatively high cadence during cycling at low-to-moderate intensity is uneconomical and could compromise performance during prolonged cycling. Keywords: pedaling, pedal rate, rhythmic motor behaviorThe choice of cadence during cycling has been a subject of intensive curiosity and debate for around a hundred years among cyclists, coaches, researchers, and others involved with the activity of cycling. And it still is being debated-perhaps more than ever. Multiple circumstances contributed to the development of such considerable interest and the following factors are merely two of many potential examples. First, cycling was at the beginning of the twentieth century one of the first professional sports, with great focus on performance as a natural consequence. Second, research within exercise physiology had at that time already revealed the fact that excessive energy expenditure could cause early exhaustion during prolonged submaximal exercise. As early as in 1913, Benedict and CathcartThe authors are with the

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Energetically Optimal Cadence vs. Freely-Chosen Cadence During Cycling: Effect of Exercise Duration

Cited by 85 publications

References 42 publications

Facilitating effects of exercise on information processing

Facilitating effects of exercise on information processing

Optimal exercise intensities for fat metabolism in handbike cycling and cycling

Factors Affecting Cadence Choice During Submaximal Cycling and Cadence Influence on Performance

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