Energetic sustainability of three arabica coffee growing systems used by family farming units in Espírito Santo state

Muner, Lúcio Herzog De; Masera, Omar; Fornazier, Maurício José; Souza, Cássio Vinicius de; Loreto, Maria das Dores Saraiva de

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v35n3p397-405/2015

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Os resultados do trabalho de Muner et al (2005) corroboram os dados deste trabalho, pois, em sua análise, que comparam sustentabilidade energética de três sistemas de cultivo de café, os sistemas de cultivo consumiram mais energia que converteram; os mesmos autores também constataram que as entradas energéticas de adubos nitrogenados são mais elevadas em dois sistemas de cultivo, o sistema convencional e o sistema de cultivo em boas práticas agrícolas. Já o trabalho de Turco (2011), com café em sistema orgânico, se assemelha na importância significativa de entradas de fontes fósseis na condução do sistema de cultivo.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Balanço Energético Dos Sistemas De Produção De Café Convencional E Irrigado

Turco¹,

Esperancini²,

Bueno³

et al. 2018

EnergAgric

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Neste estudo, estimamos os dispêndios energéticos nos sistemas de produção de café convencional e irrigado por gotejo. Para tal, construiu-se o itinerário técnico dos quatro anos de produção de café dos dois sistemas. Os insumos utilizados (mão-de-obra, horas máquina, irrigação, defensivos, fertilizantes, entre outros) convertidos em unidades de energia, quantificaram as entradas energéticas, enquanto a produção de café em grão beneficiado constituiu a saída energética. Para o levantamento dos requerimentos de insumos e de volume de produção de café utilizou-se uma amostragem probabilística intencional. Foram entrevistados cinco produtores cuja principal fonte de renda é a produção de café e que mantêm registros dos dados da cultura. Os resultados energéticos mostram que na estrutura de dispêndios energéticos por tipo, fonte e origem, tem-se que a energia indireta participou com mais de 66%, sendo os adubos os dispêndios mais altos. O balanço energético, que mostra a diferença entre as energias totais e “entradas” de energias não renováveis, foi positivo nos dois sistemas produtivos, em média de 25.258,55 MJ ha-1 para o café convencional e 26.712,94 MJ ha-1 para o café irrigado por gotejo. A melhor opção entre os dois sistemas para o produtor em termos energéticos é o café irrigado por gotejo, pois possibilita que o produtor tenha uma melhor saída de energia mesmo tendo um valor maior no balanço energético.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Café, Sistema De Produção, Dispêndios Energéticos. ENERGY BALANCE OF CONVENTIONAL AND IRRIGATED COFFEE PRODUCTION SYSTEMSABSTRACT: In this study, we estimated the energy expenditure in both conventional and drip irrigated coffee production systems. Therefore, the technical itinerary from both systems four years coffee production was constructed. The inputs used (labor, machine hours, irrigation, pesticides, fertilizers, among others) were converted into energy units quantifying the energy input, while the benefited coffee beans produced the output energy. An intentional and non-probabilistic sampling was used to survey the systems requirements of inputs and volume of coffee production. Five producers were interviewed whose main source of income is coffee production and have kept records of crop data. Indirect energy represented more than 66% of energy balance, from which fertilizers expressed the highest expenditures. The energy balance, which shows the difference between total energies and non-renewable energies, was positive in both production systems, averaging 25,258.55 MJ ha-1 in conventional coffee and 26,712.94 MJ ha-1 in drip irrigated coffee. Regarding energy balance, the best system option is drip irrigated coffee, since it allows the producer to have a better output of energy even though with higher value in energy balance.KEYWORDS: Coffee, Production System, Energy Expenditure.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Balanço Energético Dos Sistemas De Produção De Café Convencional E Irrigado

Turco¹,

Esperancini²,

Bueno³

et al. 2018

EnergAgric

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“…Fue la etapa donde se delimito la investigación en las dimensiones económicas y sociales, el sistema a medir (fincas cultivadas con cacao), la escala espacial (provincia El Oro) y el periodo de análisis (2014 al 2015). También se realizó la selección de indicadores obtenidos de una revisión de literatura científica, que incluye los trabajos de Muner, Masera, Fornazier, de Souza, & de Loreto, (2015) y Gómez-Limón & Sanchez-Fernandez, (2010). Indicadores que fueron agrupados en las dimensiones económica y social, los cuales se presentan a continuación.…”

Section: Marco Conceptualunclassified

Indicadores de sostenibilidad sociales y económicos: Caso productores de cacao en El Oro, Ecuador. // Indicators of sustainability social and economic: Case cocoa farmers of El Oro, Ecuador.

Unda

Paz‐González²

2018

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Se planteó una investigación empírica con los objetivos de conformar un conjunto de indicadores de sostenibilidad económicos y sociales para comparar con el Índice de Sostenibilidad (IS) entre los tipos de Cacao Nacional y Cacao CCN51. Los indicadores fueron producto de una revisión de la literatura, para estructura una encuesta a 73 agricultores de la provincia El Oro (Ecuador). El proceso estadístico consistió en un análisis descriptivo y de componentes principales (ACP), para conformar indicadores que se clasificaron por dimensiones (económicas y sociales). El calculando del IS fue producto de la suma de los indicadores normalizados en una escala de 0 a 1 y promediados por dimensión. También se realizó una prueba t de muestras independientes por tipo de cacao, para determinar significancia al 5%. Los indicadores económicos evidenciaron mayor área neta con menor rendimiento del cacao Nacional con respecto al cacao CCN51. Los indicadores sociales filiación agraria y equidad obtuvieron mayor puntuación en el cacao Nacional. El ACP conformo tres componentes por tipo de cacao, lo que permitió seleccionar los 8 indicadores propuestos, sin obtener significancia en la dimensión económica. El IS fue de baja sostenibilidad para bajo en ambos tipos (Nacional= 45%; CCN51=41%), sin existir diferencias significativas (p=0,134).AbstracEmpirical research was proposed with the targets of forming a set of indicators of economic and social sustainability to compare with the Index of Sustainability (IS) between the types of National Cocoa and Cocoa CCN51. The indicators were a product of a review of the literature, to structure a survey of 73 farmers of the province of El Oro (Ecuador). The statistical process consisted of a descriptive analysis and main components (ACP), to produce indicators that were classified by dimensions (economic and social). The calculating of IS was a product of the sum of the standardized indicators on a scale of 0 to 1 and averaged by dimension. There was also a t-test for independent samples by type of cocoa. The economic indicators showed a higher net area with lower performance of national cocoa levels with regard to cocoa CCN51. The social indicators agrarian affiliation and equity obtained higher scores in the national cocoa. The ACP conformed three components by cocoa type, which allowed the selection of the 8 proposed indicators, without getting significant in the economic dimension. The IS was low sustainability for both types (National = 45%; CCN51 = 41%), without significant differences (P= 0,134).

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“…It estimates indicators about the energy processes of coffee production systems, evaluating its evolving energy efficiency. There is some published research about energy balances in coffee production in Nicaragua (Cuadra and Rydberg 2006), Brazil (Giannetti et al 2011a, b;Turco et al 2012;Flauzino et al 2014;Muner et al 2015), and Costa Rica (Marozzi et al 2004;Mora-Delgado et al 2006). However, these studies all refer to the present day and address the plantation scale, generally comparing the efficiency of organic vs. conventional management and excluding the crucial shade layer (SL) in coffee agro-forestry systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy flows in the coffee plantations of Costa Rica: from traditional to modern systems (1935–2010)

Infante-Amate

Picado

2017

Reg Environ Change

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This article addresses energy flows in the coffee agro-ecosystems of Costa Rica within the context of the socio-ecological transition, between 1935 and 2010, accounting for the shift from traditional to modern tropical agriculture. Estimating indicators of energy efficiency in crop management makes it possible to analyze the changing productive rationality of growers by studying end uses of all biomass appropriated from coffee agro-ecosystems. Coffee land and labor productivity, as expected, multiplied (by factors of 2.01 and 1.56, respectively). However, considering total biomass produced in coffee agro-ecosystems, productivity did not display such a significant increase. In contrast, all other energy efficiency indicators declined. Final energy return on investment (FEROI) fell from 1.02 in 1935 to 0.51 in 2005. External final EROI fell even farther, from 18.90 down to 1.86. The socio-ecological transition brought about the loss of multifunctionality in the final use of products derived from coffee agroecosystems, as new products replaced traditional ones.Keywords Energy return on investment . Coffee . Agroforestry . Energy efficiency . Socio-ecological transition IntroductionThe study of energy flows in farming, understood in a broad sense, represents an effective and versatile way to describe the major changes that have taken place in agrarian systems during the transition from traditional to modern management approaches, as well as to analyze the environmental problems generated in this process. Scholars have used a variety of methods, from traditional energy balances (Leach 1976) to energy return on investment (EROI) (Tello et al. 2016) and life cycle assessment (LCA) (Haas et al. 2000) to analyze energy flows in farming. One aim, from the perspective of environmental and energy sustainability, has been to compare the energy efficiency of traditional and modern systems (Cleveland 1995; or organic vs. conventional management (e.g., Smith et al. 2015). Another approach, from the social sciences and humanities, uses energy flows to study the material foundations and dynamics by which traditional societies were sustained, endeavoring to overcome perspectives that focus exclusively on cultural or monetary concerns. Such studies have assessed hunter-gatherer societies (Rappaport 1969), the collapse of civilizations (Tainter 1990), and the subsistence of peasant farming societies (Infante-Amate 2014).This article evaluates energy flows in Costa Rica's coffee agro-ecosystems within the context of the socio-ecological transition (SET) and the BGreen Revolution,^between 1935 and 2010, spanning both of the aforementioned perspectives within a tropical agricultural system. It estimates indicators about the energy processes of coffee production systems, evaluating its evolving energy efficiency. There is some published research about energy balances in coffee production in Nicaragua (Cuadra and Rydberg 2006), Brazil (Giannetti et al. 2011a, b;Turco et al. 2012;Flauzino et al. 2014;Muner et al. 2015), and Costa ...

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Energetic sustainability of three arabica coffee growing systems used by family farming units in Espírito Santo state

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Balanço Energético Dos Sistemas De Produção De Café Convencional E Irrigado

Balanço Energético Dos Sistemas De Produção De Café Convencional E Irrigado

Indicadores de sostenibilidad sociales y económicos: Caso productores de cacao en El Oro, Ecuador. // Indicators of sustainability social and economic: Case cocoa farmers of El Oro, Ecuador.

Energy flows in the coffee plantations of Costa Rica: from traditional to modern systems (1935–2010)

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