Energetic Silver Salts with 5‐Aminotetrazole Ligands

Abstract

Methylation of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole (1) gives 1-methyl-5-amino-1H-tetrazole (2) and 2-methyl-5-amino-1H-tetrazole (3). A new family of energetic silver complexes based on ligands 1, 2 and 3 with perchlorate and nitrate anions (10-15) were synthesized and characterized by using IR, Raman, and NMR ((1)H, (13)C, (14)N, and (35)Cl NMR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The crystal structures of the compounds were determined where possible and reveal interesting structural details that are discussed herein. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry was used to assess the thermal stability of the new salts, which showed excellent thermal stabilities at temperatures up to and above 225 degrees C. Standard tests were also used to assess the sensitivity of the materials towards impact and friction. All the silver complexes showed increased sensitivity values in comparison with analogous protonated 5-amino-1H-tetrazolium perchlorate and nitrate salts. Some of these materials have sensitivity values that are comparable to commonly used primary explosives and all of them either deflagrate (12-14) or detonate loudly (10 and 11) on contact with an open flame. Lastly, nitrate salt 11 is easily initiated by thermal shock. It shows reasonably low sensitivity in comparison with other silver salts (e.g., silver azide or silver fulminate), which makes handling it much less hazardous. Compound 11 also has good thermal stability, decomposing at approximately 300 degrees C, and shows interesting properties as a more environmentally benign alternative to lead(II) diazide in initiation devices for civil and military applications.

Synthesis, structural investigation and thermal properties of a novel manganese complex Mn2(DAT)2Cl4(H2O)4 (DAT=1,5-diaminotetrazole)

“…X-ray structure As shown in Table 1 4 compared with those in the molecular crystal of DAT [51] are given in Table 2. The hydrogen bond lengths and angles are listed in Table 3.…”

“…There are two central manganese cations, two neutral DAT molecules, four chloride ions and four lattice H 2 O molecules in the molecular unit of Mn 2 (DAT) 2 Cl 4 (H 2 O) 4 . Each central manganese cation coordinates to six ligand atoms, one nitrogen (N1) atom of DAT, two oxygen atoms from two water molecules and three chlorides.…”

“…Manganese exhibits a good ability when coordinating with different kinds of ligand, and is more environmental friendly compared with the toxic heavy metal element as lead and mercury. Therefore, in this work we synthesized and characterized the novel manganese complex Mn 2 (DAT) 2 4 exhibits good energetic properties and the bridge structure gives the complex high thermal stability. In this paper the synthesis, crystal structure of Mn 2 (DAT) 2 Cl 4 (H 2 O) 4 and a proposed thermal decomposition mechanism, from the DSC, TGA-DTG and FT-IR analysis results, is presented.…”

“…Tetrazole derivatives have attracted much attention in the field of heterocyclic compounds due to their varied structures and properties. 5-Substituted tetrazoles, such as 5-amino-tetrazole [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], 5-nitramino-tetrazole [8][9][10][11][12][13], 5-nitro-tetrazole [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and 5-azido-tetrazole [22][23][24][25] can form a series of metal salts or coordination compounds with transition metals and alkaline metals as its weakly acidic. Most of these compounds have extreme properties and have been widely used in the area of gas-generation and energetic materials because of their high nitrogen content and positive enthalpies of formation.…”

A screened hybrid density functional study on energetic complexes: Cobalt, nickel and copper carbohydrazide perchlorates

“…Transition metal perchlorate complexes with nitrogen-rich ligands have attracted considerable attention, since they have superior explosive performances and can be widely used as lead-free primary explosives [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Carbohydrazide (CHZ) is an interesting azotic ligand with several lone-pair electrons.…”