Energetic relationships between field and laboratory woodchucks (<i>Marmota monax</i>) along a latitudinal gradient

Fenn, Ashley M.; Zervanos, Stam M.; Florant, Gregory L.

doi:10.1080/08927014.2009.9522485

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For example, in the insect literature, clines in clock gene allele frequency underlie evolved differences in diapause induction and initiation timing, and these alleles are under selection due to climate change (Bradshaw & Holzapfel, 2001; Pruisscher et al., 2018). Similar clines in timing also exist in other taxa (Figures 4 and 6), but we do not know the extent to which they share a common mechanism (see Box 2; Fenn et al., 2009; Grabek et al., 2019; Lane et al., 2011, 2019; Zervanos et al., 2010). The mammalian literature has shown that diet during preparation may influence the magnitude and duration of maintenance phase.…”

Section: Opportunities and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Dormancy magnitude, as measured by metabolic suppression, is also greater in diapausing insects from higher latitudes . In endotherms, the magnitude of dormancy, has not been widely assessed across populations under controlled conditions apart from the small study by Fenn et al (2009), which is largely inconclusive because of its small sample size and confounding effects of age and sex. Diapause induction, recalcitrance and magnitude have a distinct genetic basis in insects, suggesting that they can evolve independently to match dormancy characteristics to ecological conditions (Dambroski & Feder, 2007;Masaki, 2002).…”

Section: Seasonality As a End Major Selective Pressure Underlying Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mammal phylogeny from (Fritz et al, 2009) and insect phylogeny from (Wiens et al, 2015). Silhouettes and licenses are from phylo pic.org (Figures 4 and 6), but we do not know the extent to which they share a common mechanism (see Box 2; Fenn et al, 2009;Grabek et al, 2019;Lane et al, 2011Lane et al, , 2019Zervanos et al, 2010).…”

Section: Opp Ortunitie S and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A unifying, eco‐physiological framework for animal dormancy

2020

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1. Various animals across the tree of life express some form of programmed dormancy (e.g. hibernation, diapause) to maximize fitness in highly seasonal environments. The integrated phenotype of animals undergoing programmed dormancy is strikingly similar among diverse groups; however, research on programmed dormancy has historically been phylogenetically siloed. A broad comparative approach could clarify new angles for answering fundamental questions about programmed dormancy evolution. 2. To advance this approach, we present a cross-taxonomic framework describing dimensions that distinguish animal dormancies and provide a set of core traits that animals regulate as they progress through the eco-physiological phases of deep, programmed dormancy. 3. We use this universal framework to explore the ultimate drivers and evolutionary consequences of dormancy across the tree of life. Deep, programmed dormancy appears to be a predictable and repeated adaptation to highly seasonal environments that draws on a conserved suite of ancestral traits. We highlight evidence for molecular convergence in signalling pathways coordinating environmental sensing and energy metabolism in the insect and mammal lineages, separated by 700 million years of evolution and representing independent colonizations of highly seasonal environments. 4. Lastly, we discuss the utility of this new framework and highlight opportunities and challenges for researchers to continue advancing our understanding of dormancy through a broad, comparative lens.

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Section: Opportunities and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Seasonality As a End Major Selective Pressure Underlying Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Opp Ortunitie S and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A unifying, eco‐physiological framework for animal dormancy

2020

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“…Not surprisingly, in the wild the more polar (northerly) population starts hibernating earlier in the autumn, stops hibernating later in the spring and spends more total time torpid compared with more southern populations (314). When maintained in the laboratory under common conditions, however, the woodchucks expressed many hibernation characteristics similar to the wild population from which they originated (95,314). This result suggests that some components of the endogenous rhythm are fixed, and that the populations have diverged genetically, so it would be interesting to compare gene expression patterns and corresponding hibernation characteristics of these populations and, perhaps, offspring of northern and southern parents.…”

Section: Obligate Versus Facultative Hibernatorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Metabolic Flexibility: Hibernation, Torpor, and Estivation

Staples

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

136

116

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Many environmental conditions can constrain the ability of animals to obtain sufficient food energy, or transform that food energy into useful chemical forms. To survive extended periods under such conditions animals must suppress metabolic rate to conserve energy, water, or oxygen. Amongst small endotherms, this metabolic suppression is accompanied by and, in some cases, facilitated by a decrease in core body temperature-hibernation or daily torpor-though significant metabolic suppression can be achieved even with only modest cooling. Within some ectotherms, winter metabolic suppression exceeds the passive effects of cooling. During dry seasons, estivating ectotherms can reduce metabolism without changes in body temperature, conserving energy reserves, and reducing gas exchange and its inevitable loss of water vapor. This overview explores the similarities and differences of metabolic suppression among these states within adult animals (excluding developmental diapause), and integrates levels of organization from the whole animal to the genome, where possible. Several similarities among these states are highlighted, including patterns and regulation of metabolic balance, fuel use, and mitochondrial metabolism. Differences among models are also apparent, particularly in whether the metabolic suppression is intrinsic to the tissue or depends on the whole-animal response. While in these hypometabolic states, tissues from many animals are tolerant of hypoxia/anoxia, ischemia/reperfusion, and disuse. These natural models may, therefore, serve as valuable and instructive models for biomedical research.

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“…A web may be recycled by using only 3.8% of the energy that would be needed to rebuild it from the very beginning, for example, synthesis of the silk for web making . Similar studies may be extended to the examples on energy utilization behavior of salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) in its life cycle , including the migration, and that of woodchucks ( Marmota monax ) in its life cycle, including the phase of hibernation in winter .…”

Section: The Scope Of the Biothermodynamics Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on biothermoydnamics applications: timeline, challenges, and opportunities

Özilgen

2017

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Summary Research on biothermodynamics dates back to the publication of the manuscript What Is Life? by Schrödinger in the 1940s, which encouraged the use of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics for the analysis of biological processes. In the 1960s and 1970s, development of the early genetic engineering techniques, difficulties in the sugar imports to the USA due to the trade embargo imposed on Cuba, and the oil price hike after the Arab–Israeli wars created a positive environment in the USA to foster the merger of biology with engineering. The synergy established between biology and engineering in the 1960s created an irreversible stimulus for scientific and technological development in the USA and elsewhere. Advances in biothermodynamics have roots deep in the positive environment of the 1960s and 1970s. Exergy analyses were initially used to evaluate efficiency of the fuel‐utilizing and energy‐utilizing processes. In the early 2010s, exergy analyses found application in development of the industrial production processes of the biological origin and later directly in the cellular processes in the body. Assessing the comfort of the body in terms of entropy generation and exergy destruction, exergy efficiency of the metabolic pathways in the brain, exergy efficiency of the muscle work, and life span entropy generation and understanding and finding ways to postpone the symptoms of aging were among these studies. Application of the biothermodynamics in the medical fields will provide opportunities in the health sciences and medical technology and improve the quality of life of humans and animals. Comparing the exergetic efficiency of the competing theories on the brain energy metabolism, offering some help to prevent heart attacks in the amputees, and finding the causes of the difference in the crop yields of the plants are among the outcomes of the current biothermodynamics research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Energetic relationships between field and laboratory woodchucks (Marmota monax) along a latitudinal gradient

Cited by 17 publications

References 53 publications

A unifying, eco‐physiological framework for animal dormancy

A unifying, eco‐physiological framework for animal dormancy

Metabolic Flexibility: Hibernation, Torpor, and Estivation

Review on biothermoydnamics applications: timeline, challenges, and opportunities

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