Energetic Proton Distributions in the Inner and Middle Magnetosphere of Jupiter Using Juno Observations

Shen, Xiaochen; Li, W.; Ma, Q.; Nishimura, Y.; Daly, A.; Kollmann, P.; Mauk, B. H.; Clark, G.; Bolton, S. J.

doi:10.1029/2022gl099832

Cited by 5 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…200-700 keV protons transition from being predominantly field-aligned at M > 16 to pancake-like at M = 7-10. Similar transitions have been observed previously for protons and electrons (Shen et al, 2022;Tomás et al, 2004) at Jupiter and electrons at Saturn (Clark et al, 2014), suggesting a universal process. 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…This trend was also observed by Shen et al. (2022) for 454–542 keV and 0.98–2.01 MeV protons, who propose that this feature is consistent with particles gaining energy in the perpendicular direction due to conservation of the first adiabatic invariant (betatron acceleration) while being transported inward to regions of higher magnetic field (also similar to Clark et al. (2014) and Rymer et al.…”

Section: Observationssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The 200-700 keV protons seem to transition from a pancake-like toward a more field-aligned distribution outward of M = 16 (Figure 1b). This trend was also observed by Shen et al (2022) for 454-542 keV and 0.98-2.01 MeV protons, who propose that this feature is consistent with particles gaining energy in the perpendicular direction due to conservation of the first adiabatic invariant (betatron acceleration) while being transported inward to regions of higher magnetic field (also similar to Clark et al (2014) and Rymer et al (2007) for electrons). Protons with energies between 10 and 50 keV do not follow this trend.…”

Section: Averaged Distribution and Variation With M-shellsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Our work extends previous work from Shen et al. (2022) by including the <50 keV proton population between 6 and 20 R J in terms of equatorial pitch angle. In Section 2, we describe the methodology we use to analyze and combine multiple charged particle datasets from Juno .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…We combine data from Juno's JADE and JEDI particle detectors to examine distributions of protons with energies between 10 and 700 keV. Our work extends previous work from Shen et al (2022) by including the <50 keV proton population between 6 and 20 R J in terms of equatorial pitch angle. In Section 2, we describe the methodology we use to analyze and combine multiple charged particle datasets from Juno.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Proton Equatorial Pitch Angle Distributions in Jupiter's Inner Magnetosphere

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Observationssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Averaged Distribution and Variation With M-shellsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Proton Equatorial Pitch Angle Distributions in Jupiter's Inner Magnetosphere

Sarkango

Szalay

Poppe

et al. 2023

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Europa Modifies Jupiter's Plasma Sheet

Szalay,

Saur,

McComas

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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Jupiter's plasma sheet has been understood to be primarily composed of Io‐genic sulfur and oxygen, along with protons at lower mass density. These ions move radially away from Jupiter, filling its magnetosphere. The material in the plasma sheet interacts with Europa, which is also a source of magnetospheric pickup ions, primarily hydrogen and oxygen. Juno's thermal plasma instrument JADE, the Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment, has provided comprehensive in situ observations of the composition of Jupiter's plasma sheet ions with its Time‐of‐Flight mass‐spectrometry capabilities. Here, we present observations of the magnetospheric composition in the Europa‐Ganymede region of Jupiter's magnetosphere. We find material from Europa is intermittently present at comparable densities to Io‐genic plasma. The intermittency of Europa‐genic signatures suggests Europa's neutral oxygen toroidal cloud is more localized to Europa's vicinity than its hydrogen cloud. These observations reveal a more complex and compositionally diverse magnetosphere than previously thought.

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Surface‐Plasma Interactions at Europa in Draped Magnetospheric Fields: The Contribution of Energetic Electrons to Energy Deposition and Sputtering

Addison,

Liuzzo,

Simon

2023

JGR Space Physics

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We calculate the time‐varying spatial distribution of energetic magnetospheric electron influx onto Europa’s surface by combining a hybrid model of the moon’s draped electromagnetic environment with a relativistic particle tracer. We generate maps of the energetic electron influx patterns at four distinct locations of Europa relative to the center of the Jovian magnetospheric current sheet. For a full synodic rotation of Jupiter, these results are applied to constrain the averaged number and energy influx patterns as well as the O2 sputtering rates associated with energetic electron precipitation. We also determine the relative contributions of magnetospheric ions and electrons to surface erosion and exospheric genesis at Europa. Our major results are: (a) Except for a small region near Europa’s downstream apex, the moon’s entire surface is exposed to heavy irradiation by magnetospheric electrons. (b) The spatial distribution of energetic electron influx onto Europa’s surface is only slightly modified by field line draping and the induced magnetic field from the moon’s subsurface ocean. (c) The contributions of magnetospheric electron and ion impacts to energy deposition onto Europa’s surface are of the same order of magnitude. (d) Within uncertainties, impinging magnetospheric electrons and ions make similar contributions to O2 sputtering from Europa’s surface. (e) The spatial distribution of electron energy influx and the observed concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) are only weakly correlated, suggesting that energy deposition by magnetospheric electron impacts is not a necessary agent for H2SO4 production within Europa’s surface.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Energetic Proton Distributions in the Inner and Middle Magnetosphere of Jupiter Using Juno Observations

Abstract: Jupiter's ion environment is very complex, with a wide range of species (e.g., proton, helium, oxygen, sulfur, etc.) and a variety of charge states (e.g., S+, S++, and S+++) found in the Jovian magnetosphere (e.g.

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Proton Equatorial Pitch Angle Distributions in Jupiter's Inner Magnetosphere

Proton Equatorial Pitch Angle Distributions in Jupiter's Inner Magnetosphere

Europa Modifies Jupiter's Plasma Sheet

Surface‐Plasma Interactions at Europa in Draped Magnetospheric Fields: The Contribution of Energetic Electrons to Energy Deposition and Sputtering

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