With the development of science and technology and the improvement of living standards, people are paying more and more attention to sports and health. However, the foot joints are very important joints in the human body and are one of the most vulnerable parts in sports. Foot joint sprain is a common clinical disease in orthopedics, accounting for the first place of joint ligament sprain. If the treatment is not timely or appropriate, it often leaves pain and joint instability, followed by osteoarthritis. The rate of repeated injuries after the first injury is very high. Due to the rapid development of visual sensing technology, computer technology, and image processing technology, Internet big data has been widely used in food, medical treatment, construction, chemical industry, electronics, packaging, automobile, and other fields. This article mainly studies the characteristics and rehabilitation methods of athletes’ ankle injuries based on Internet big data. Based on Internet big data, this paper studies the function and structural stability of the foot joints and analyzes the causes of gymnast foot joint injuries. On this basis, this paper puts forward the treatment method of ankle joint injury. In this paper, 20 male competitive bodybuilders with ankle joint injury on one side were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group received proprioception recovery training, and the control group received normal functional recovery training. Experimental results show that the proprioception training of foot joint can improve the dynamic balance ability of gymnasts and effectively prevent the occurrence of foot joint injury. In this paper, the stability of the anterior and posterior foot joints was measured by comparing the control group with the experimental group. After 6 weeks of proprioception training, there was no significant difference between the static balance ability of one foot and the healthy part of the injured side foot joints (
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>
0.05
).