Energetic particle induced intra-seasonal variability of ozone inside the Antarctic polar vortex observed in satellite data

Fytterer, Tilo; Mlynczak, Martin G.; Nieder, Holger; Pérot, Kristell; Sinnhuber, Miriam; Stiller, G. P.; Urban, Joachim

doi:10.5194/acp-15-3327-2015

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This has been postulated already by Solomon et al (1982) and observed many times (Callis et al, 1996;Stratospheric ozone loss due to electron-induced NO x production in the upper mesosphere-lower thermosphere and subsequent downward transport has been postulated by model experiments many times (Solomon et al, 1982;Schmidt et al, 2006;Marsh et al, 2007;Baumgaertner et al, 2009;Reddmann et al, 2010;Semeniuk et al, 2011;Rozanov et al, 2012). However, observational evidence for EPP-induced variations of stratospheric ozone linked to geomagnetic activity, characterized by a negative anomaly moving down with time during polar winter, have been given only very recently (Fytterer et al, 2015a;Damiani et al, 2016).…”

Section: Geomagnetic Forcing (Auroral and Radiation Belt Electrons)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The interannual variation of ozone in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere has been investigated in this model in a similar way to a three-satellite composite (Fytterer et al, 2015a). The ozone difference between austral winters with high and low geomagnetic activity during 2005-2010 is shown in Fig.…”

Section: The Epp Indirect Effect: Odd Nitrogen Upper-boundary Conditionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Solar forcing for CMIP6 (v3.2)

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This paper describes the recommended solar forcing dataset for CMIP6 and highlights changes with respect to CMIP5. The solar forcing is provided for radiative properties, namely total solar irradiance (TSI), solar spectral irradiance (SSI), and the F10.7 index as well as particle forcing, including geomagnetic indices Ap and Kp, and ionization rates to account for effects of solar protons, electrons, and galactic cosmic rays. This is the first time that a recommendation for solar-driven particle forcing has been provided for a CMIP exercise. The solar forcing datasets are provided at daily and monthly resolution separately for the CMIP6 preindustrial control, historical (1850CMIP6 preindustrial control, historical ( -2014, and future (2015-2300) simulations. For the preindustrial control simulation, both constant and time-varying solar forcing components are provided, with the latter including variability on 11-year and shorter timescales but no long-term changes. For the future, we provide a realistic scenario of what solar behavior could be, as well as an additional extreme Maunderminimum-like sensitivity scenario. This paper describes the forcing datasets and also provides detailed recommendations as to their implementation in current climate models.For the historical simulations, the TSI and SSI time series are defined as the average of two solar irradiance models that are adapted to CMIP6 needs: an empirical onePublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. A new and lower TSI value is recommended: the contemporary solar-cycle average is now 1361.0 W m −2 . The slight negative trend in TSI over the three most recent solar cycles in the CMIP6 dataset leads to only a small global radiative forcing of −0.04 W m −2 . In the 200-400 nm wavelength range, which is important for ozone photochemistry, the CMIP6 solar forcing dataset shows a larger solar-cycle variability contribution to TSI than in CMIP5 (50 % compared to 35 %).We compare the climatic effects of the CMIP6 solar forcing dataset to its CMIP5 predecessor by using timeslice experiments of two chemistry-climate models and a reference radiative transfer model. The differences in the long-term mean SSI in the CMIP6 dataset, compared to CMIP5, impact on climatological stratospheric conditions (lower shortwave heating rates of −0.35 K day −1 at the stratopause), cooler stratospheric temperatures (−1.5 K in the upper stratosphere), lower ozone abundances in the lower stratosphere (−3 %), and higher ozone abundances (+1.5 % in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere). Between the maximum and minimum phases of the 11-year solar cycle, there is an increase in shortwave heating rates (+0.2 K day −1 at the stratopause), temperatures (∼ 1 K at the stratopause), and ozone (+2.5 % in the upper stratosphere) in the tropical upper stratosphere using the CMIP6 forcing dataset. This solar-cycle response is slightly larger, but not statistically significantly different from that for the CMIP5 forcing dataset.CMIP6 models wi...

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Section: Geomagnetic Forcing (Auroral and Radiation Belt Electrons)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Epp Indirect Effect: Odd Nitrogen Upper-boundary Conditionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Solar forcing for CMIP6 (v3.2)

et al. 2017

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“…Another feature in the Stratospheric ozone in the Southern Hemisphere was reported by Fytterer et al (2015). The descent of NO x created by auroral processes and solar proton events (SPEs) in the mesosphere / lower thermosphere is transported down to the stratosphere during polar winter, where it can affect the ozone concentration.…”

Section: Antarctic Ozone Holementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The descent of NO x created by auroral processes and solar proton events (SPEs) in the mesosphere / lower thermosphere is transported down to the stratosphere during polar winter, where it can affect the ozone concentration. In order to reveal the contribution of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) to stratospheric ozone, Fytterer et al (2015) investigated ozone behaviour inside the Antarctic …”

Section: Antarctic Ozone Holementioning

confidence: 99%

A long term study of polar ozone loss derived from data assimilation of Odin/SMR observations

Sagi

Murtagh

2016

Preprint

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Abstract. Odin, a Swedish-led satellite project in collaboration with Canada, France and Finland, was launched on 20 February 2001 and continues to produce profiles of chemical species relevant to understanding the middle and upper atmosphere. Longterm observations of stratospheric ozone are useful for trend analysis of chemical ozone loss. This study concerns ozone loss over both poles utilizing 12 years of ozone data from Odin/Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR). We have applied the data assimilation technique described by Rösevall et al. (2007) with a number of improvements to study the inter-annual Two SMR ozone products retrieved from the emission lines centred at 501 GHz and 544 GHz were used. An internal comparison of the two analyses using 501 GHz and 544 GHz ozone has been carried out by inspecting the vortex mean ozone in March and October during 2002and 2003-2012 in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively. Ozone de-10 rived from data assimilation using the two data sets match within 10% at the levels studied, while below 550 K in the Southern Hemispheremore than 50% of the difference is found. Here, 544 GHz ozone is 0.5 parts per million volume ( ppmv) lower than 501 GHz ozone because of better sensitivity in 544 GHz ozone in the lower stratosphere. Comparisons with other studies have been mainly performed against Sonkaew et al. (2013) since Sonkaew et al. (2013) is one of the few studies having consistent estimations of ozone depletion using a SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIA- IntroductionOzone depletion and climate change are indirectly linked. Several studies have predicted that the stratospheric cooling induced 5 by the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide will enhance ozone depletion (Austin et al., 1992; Shindell et al., 1998). In practice, the Arctic lower stratosphere has been getting colder over the past decades (WMO, 2011). The linear dependence, demonstrated by (Rex et al., 2006), between the ozone depletion and the volume of air having temperature below the threshold for polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) formation implies that the stratospheric O 3 depletion in Northern Hemisphere may become worse if the cooling trend continues. It is therefore important to have continuous observations and trend analyses of the ozone 10 depletion.Ozone loss has been quantified by using a variety of techniques based on different assumptions and instruments (e.g. Eichmann et al., 2002;Grooß and Müller, 2003; Rex et al., 2006; Singleton et al., 2007; Tilmes et al., 2004; Tsvetkova et al., 2007). However, most of the studies were done for individual winters in the last decade. For instance, in the Arctic winter 2010/2011 several groups reported the unprecedented dramatic ozone depletion over the Arctic polar region approaching that 15 of the Antarctic ozone hole (e.g. Arnone et al., 2012; Manney et al., 2011; Sinnhuber et al., 2011). This winter was obviously different from other Arctic winters from 2000 since the polar vortex was strong and isolated the vo...

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“…Only recently have long-term satellite observations with good temporal and spatial coverage become available. In austral polar winter EPP causes an ozone loss of about 10-15 % descending from 1 hPa in early winter to 10 hPa in late winter (Fytterer et al, 2015;Damiani et al, 2016). Extensive information on the current knowledge of energetic particle precipitation can be found in Sinnhuber et al (2012) and Mironova et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate impact of idealized winter polar mesospheric and stratospheric ozone losses as caused by energetic particle precipitation

Meraner

Schmidt

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Energetic particles enter the polar atmosphere and enhance the production of nitrogen oxides and hydrogen oxides in the winter stratosphere and mesosphere. Both components are powerful ozone destroyers. Recently, it has been inferred from observations that the direct effect of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) causes significant longterm mesospheric ozone variability. Satellites observe a decrease in mesospheric ozone up to 34 % between EPP maximum and EPP minimum. Stratospheric ozone decreases due to the indirect effect of EPP by about 10-15 % observed by satellite instruments. Here, we analyze the climate impact of winter boreal idealized polar mesospheric and polar stratospheric ozone losses as caused by EPP in the coupled Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). Using radiative transfer modeling, we find that the radiative forcing of mesospheric ozone loss during polar night is small. Hence, climate effects of mesospheric ozone loss due to energetic particles seem unlikely. Stratospheric ozone loss due to energetic particles warms the winter polar stratosphere and subsequently weakens the polar vortex. However, those changes are small, and few statistically significant changes in surface climate are found.

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Energetic particle induced intra-seasonal variability of ozone inside the Antarctic polar vortex observed in satellite data

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Solar forcing for CMIP6 (v3.2)

Solar forcing for CMIP6 (v3.2)

A long term study of polar ozone loss derived from data assimilation of Odin/SMR observations

Climate impact of idealized winter polar mesospheric and stratospheric ozone losses as caused by energetic particle precipitation

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