Energetic Neutrons Leaking from the Top of the Atmosphere

Merker, M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.29.1531

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…This power-law spectrum (with omnidirectional flux proportional to E~^-^^) had been proposed by Lingenfelter (1963) as a theoretical extra polation from observations made at energies Ε < 10 MeV. 71, are in accord with more recent theoretical (Monte Carlo) calculations by Merker (1972) and Armstrong et aL (1973) and have thus superseded the Lingenfelter (1963) spectrum in theoretical studies of inner-zone protons (e.g. The results, shown as data points in Fig.…”

Section: By the Expressionsupporting

confidence: 78%

The Magnetosphere

Schulz¹

1991

Geomagnetism

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Section: By the Expressionsupporting

confidence: 78%

The Magnetosphere

Schulz¹

1991

Geomagnetism

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“…Hence when the latitude effect is considered, our experimental neutron albedo fluxes are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations byMerker [1972]. The altitude effect is expected to be negligible.…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

“…[1973] andMerker [1972] and with experimental albedo neutron results reported byWhite et al [1973] andKanbach et al [1974].Our neutron energy spectra show a structure having different slopes in the low-, medium-, and high-energy ranges.Theimproved KO method and the new BP star method presented here are expected to be very useful in the study of high-energy neutrons. for his keen interest in and continuous support of this project, which served as a constant source of inspiration to me.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

Neutron high-energy spectra at 5 mbar near the geomagnetic equator

Bhatt¹

1976

J. Geophys. Res.

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Ilford G5 emulsions were exposed at 4 and 6 mbar on balloon flights from Hyderabad, India, at λ = 7.8°N. Atmospheric neutrons in the energy range ∼8–200 MeV are studied. Two independent parameters are used: knock‐on protons covering the neutron energy range 8–160 MeV and low‐energy evaporation stars for ∼40–200 MeV. Neutron fluxes and up/down ratios near 5 mbar are given for different energy ranges. Neutron energy spectra at 5 mbar and the energy range 15–160 MeV are given, and these spectra show a structure. A power law of the form AE−n is fitted to the experimental data, and values of the spectral index n are given. Neutron energy spectra at 5 mbar for the up and down components as well as for the total are presented. These results are compared with theoretical and experimental results reported by other workers. Our albedo neutron results are in good agreement with the published results and strongly support the Crand theory.

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“…The conversion factors from flux to rate in the different neutron energy intervals are shown in Table 4, which also lists the fraction of the neutron leakage flux in each interval. We include energies above 19 Mev from the recent work of Merker [1972a].…”

Section: Radiocarbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time dependent worldwide distribution of atmospheric neutrons and of their products: 2. Calculation

Light¹,

Merker²,

Verschell³

et al. 1973

J. Geophys. Res.

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We have calculated the global distribution of atmospheric neutrons and their products by a Monte Carlo simulation of nucleon transport, in the internuclear cascade followed by neutron transport below 19 Mev. First, we present the results generated by monoenergetic primary protons and alpha particles entering the top of the atmosphere. Second, the kernels derived from the monoenergetic cases are used to determine the spatial and energy distributions of neutrons and their products from the protons and alpha particles in the cosmic radiation; solar modulation effects are included. The calculation is compared, in the 1‐ to 10‐Mev region, with the results of our fast neutron experiment; the agreement is within the uncertainties of the primary spectrum and of the experimental results over most of the atmosphere. The calculation is then normalized to the experiment in the fast neutron region. The results of the normalized calculation include the steady state neutron spectrum, the neutron production rates, the radiocarbon production rates, the neutron leakage rates from the top of the atmosphere, and the production rates of other nuclides. The normalized calculation reproduces experimentally observed slow neutron densities and the observed neutron flux and spectrum above 1 kev, and it predicts features of the atmospheric neutron morphology not yet observed. The points of agreement and divergence with earlier calculations are discussed, including the radiocarbon production rates and the neutron leakage rates during solar cycle 20, which is near the mean of the last 10 solar cycles.

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Energetic Neutrons Leaking from the Top of the Atmosphere

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

The Magnetosphere

The Magnetosphere

Neutron high-energy spectra at 5 mbar near the geomagnetic equator

Time dependent worldwide distribution of atmospheric neutrons and of their products: 2. Calculation

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