Energetic magnetosheath ions connected to the Earth's bow shock: Possible source of cusp energetic ions

Chang, S.-W.; Scudder, J. D.; Fennell, J. F.; Friedel, R.; Lepping, R. P.; Russell, C. T.; Trattner, K. J.; Fuselier, S. A.; Peterson, W. K.; Spence, H. E.

doi:10.1029/1999ja900468

Cited by 35 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This prediction has been confirmed in a recent study of energetic ions observed by Polar at the above magnetosheath region during the May 4, 1998, magnetic storm event [Chang et al, 2000]. In this event, magnetosheath energetic ion fluxes of solar wind origin showed variations as large as 2 orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Furthermore, we note that Polar never traversed through the cusp according to the electron data and there is no direct evidence of particle acceleration in the cusp for this event. Contrary to the Chen and Fritz's proposal of cusp energetic ions being the source of magnetosheath energetic ions, we suggested in paper I that these bow shock accelerated magnetosheath energetic ions (up to 200 keV/e) are at times a plausible source of cusp energetic ions [Chang et al, 2000].…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In our previous study [Chang et al, 2000] (paper I), magnetosheath ions were examined up to the CAMMICE maximum detection energy at ~200 keV/e. It was concluded that energetic ions of solar wind origin came from the quasi-parallel bow shock and those of ionospheric origin came from the magnetosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we continue the work of Chang et al [2000] (hereinafter referring to paper I) on the May 4 storm event and perform a similar cross-correlation analysis for ions with energies from 200 keV to 1 MeV, beyond the ion energies in the previous work. Energetic ion fluxes are compared in the solar wind (Wind), quasi-parallel bow shock (Interball-Tail), and mid-latitude magnetosheath (Polar).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MeV Magnetosheath Ions Energized at the Bow Shock

Chang¹,

Scudder²,

Kudela³

et al. 2001

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MeV Magnetosheath Ions Energized at the Bow Shock

Chang¹,

Scudder²,

Kudela³

et al. 2001

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“…The origin of energetic particles in the CEP events was debated to be (i) locally energized in the high-altitude cusp Chen et al 1998), (ii) energized particles from the ring current source in the geomagnetic tail associated with substorms and drifting into the cusp Antonova et al 2000;Chen and Fritz 2001), or (iii) particles energized at the quasi-parallel bow shock and subsequently transported into the cusp (Chang et al 2000). The solar wind plasma in the high altitude dayside cusp regions causes extremely large diamagnetic cavities, which are identified by a combination of low magnetic field strength and high solar wind plasma intensity .…”

Section: Magnetospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Space Weather: Physics, Effects and Predictability

2010

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The time varying conditions in the near-Earth space environment that may affect space-borne or ground-based technological systems and may endanger human health or life are referred to as space weather. Space weather effects arise from the dynamic and highly variable conditions in the geospace environment starting from explosive events on the Sun (solar flares), Coronal Mass Ejections near the Sun in the interplanetary medium, and various energetic effects in the magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system. As the utilization of space has become part of our everyday lives, and as our lives have become increasingly dependent on technological systems vulnerable to the space weather influences, the understanding and prediction of hazards posed by these active solar events have grown in importance. In this paper, we review the processes of the Sun-Earth interactions, the dynamic conditions within the magnetosphere, and the predictability of space weather effects on radio waves, satellites and ground-based technological systems today.

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Thermospheric nitric oxide response to shock‐led storms

et al. 2017

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We present a multiyear superposed epoch study of the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry nitric oxide (NO) emission data. NO is a trace constituent in the thermosphere that acts as cooling agent via infrared (IR) emissions. The NO cooling competes with storm time thermospheric heating, resulting in a thermostat effect. Our study of nearly 200 events reveals that shock‐led interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are prone to early and excessive thermospheric NO production and IR emissions. Excess NO emissions can arrest thermospheric expansion by cooling the thermosphere during intense storms. The strongest events curtail the interval of neutral density increase and produce a phenomenon known as thermospheric “overcooling.” We use Defense Meteorological Satellite Program particle precipitation data to show that interplanetary shocks and their ICME drivers can more than double the fluxes of precipitating particles that are known to trigger the production of thermospheric NO. Coincident increases in Joule heating likely amplify the effect. In turn, NO emissions are more than double. We discuss the roles and features of shock/sheath structures that allow the thermosphere to temper the effects of extreme storm time energy input and explore the implication these structures may have on mesospheric NO. Shock‐driven thermospheric NO IR cooling likely plays an important role in satellite drag forecasting challenges during extreme events.

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Energetic magnetosheath ions connected to the Earth's bow shock: Possible source of cusp energetic ions

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

MeV Magnetosheath Ions Energized at the Bow Shock

MeV Magnetosheath Ions Energized at the Bow Shock

Space Weather: Physics, Effects and Predictability

Thermospheric nitric oxide response to shock‐led storms

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