Energetic Ionic Liquids based on Lanthanide Nitrate Complex Anions

Abstract

Energetic ionic liquids based on anionic lanthanide nitrate complexes Cat(+) (3)[Ln(NO(3))(6)](3-), where Cat(+) is guanidinium, 4-aminotriazolium, 4-amino-1-methyltriazolium, 4-amino-1-ethyltriazolium, 4-amino-1-butyltriazolium, 1,5-diaminotetrazolium, and 1,5-diamino-4-methyltetrazolium, were prepared. The hexanitratolanthanate (-cerate) salts with the last two cations, which are the first CO-balanced energetic ionic liquids that are stable to hydrolysis and air, have impact sensitivities of about 27 J. These ionic liquids were obtained by an environmentally friendly, simple method using nitrate-containing precursors. All salts were fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and determination of thermal stability, phase behavior, density, and water content. According to theoretical calculations, these new compounds have potential as propellants.

Structures and Properties of Luminescent Pentanitratoeuropate(III) Ionic Liquids

“…The two bands assigned to the ν 4 and ν 1 modes provide good evidence that the five chelating nitrato ligands coordinate to the central lanthanide ion. [18] As the differences between ν 4 and ν 1 bands are larger than 185 cm -1 , there are strong interactions between the bidentate ligands and the Eu III center. [25] Figure 1.…”

“…Nitrate, a classical O-donor ligand, is a suitable ligand for coordination to Ln III ions to form water-free lanthanide(III) complexes. [18] Their waterfree structures give these complexes the advantages of excellent moisture, air, thermal, and chemical stabilities. 5 ] (2-6, n = 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8).…”

“…The increased interest in these materials arises from the recognition of their great potential as luminescent soft materials. [13] Research on the development of different classes of lanthanide ionic liquids focuses on the creation of lanthanide-containing ions, such as [Ln (TiW 11 O 39 ) 2 ] 13-, [14] [ LnBr 6 ] 3-, [15] [LnI 6 ] 3-, [16] [Ln(NCS) 7 (H 2 O)] 4-, [17] [Ln(NO 3 ) 6 ] 3-, [18] [Ln(dcnm) 6 ] 3-(dcnm = dicyanonitroso-www.eurjic.org FULL PAPER methanide), [19] 2 electronic configuration. The investigation of Eu III -based materials is of relevance for various fields as their luminescence has applications in optical materials.…”

Physico-Chemical Properties of Task-Specific Ionic Liquids

“…These TSILs are relevant as energetic materials. [12] High to low-viscous ILs can be useful depending the further applications. For some organic or bioorganic transformations and chemical engineering applications the viscosity values of ILs is a crucial parameter.…”

Application of Ionic Liquids to Space Propulsion

“…For triazolium EILs, the processes governing the decomposition were found to be autocatalytic in nature and the catalytic species were strong acids generated by the initial decomposition step, with an activation energy of 167-188 kJ mol -1 (Chowdhury & Thynell, 2010b). As an oxygen balance close to zero remains a strong requirement for new propellants, the search for such compounds has been fruitful and new EILs have been proposed (Christe & Drake, 2003;Jones et al, 2006;Tao et al, 2008) and some examples are presented in Fig. 8.…”