Energetic Ionic Liquids as Explosives and Propellant Fuels: A New Journey of Ionic Liquid Chemistry

Zhang, Qinghua; Shreeve, Jean’ne M.

doi:10.1021/cr500364t

Cited by 519 publications

(356 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…[1] In general, the raison detre for the search for new HEDMs is the desire to achieve a detonation performance comparable to those of the current benchmark HEDMs, such as octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2, 4,6,8,10,. [2,3] Furthermore, there are several criteria that new HEDMs should satisfy, such as inexpensive synthesis, safe handling, and good environmental compatibility, among others.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Many Faces of FOX‐7: A Precursor to High‐Performance Energetic Materials

Gao

Shreeve

2015

Angew Chem Int Ed

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New derivatives of 1,1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) are reported. These highly oxygen- and nitrogen-rich compounds were fully characterized using IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis (EA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). X-ray structure determination of (E)-1,2-bis{(E)-2-chloro-1-(chloroimino)-2,2-dinitroethyl}diazene) (10), N1, N2-dichloro-1, 2-diazenedicarboximidamide (11), and (E,E)-N,N'-1,2-ethanediylidenebis(2, 2-dinitro-2-chloro-ethanamine) (12) was helpful in their characterization. Heats of formation (HOF) were calculated (Gaussian 03) and combined with experimental densities to estimate the detonation velocities (D) and pressures (P) of the high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) (EXPLO5, v6.01). The compounds exhibit good thermal stability, high density, positive HOF, acceptable oxygen balances, and excellent detonation properties, which often are superior to that of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX).

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confidence: 99%

The Many Faces of FOX‐7: A Precursor to High‐Performance Energetic Materials

Gao

Shreeve

2015

Angew Chem Int Ed

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“…[26][27][28] In this manuscript, azetidine was investigated as the target precursor of energetic cations with high ring strains to balance the energy and stability. Meanwhile the commonly used N(CN) 2 À was selected as anion, which is widely known for its good fluidity and thermal stability. [29] With the contribution of high strain energies of azetidine, it is expected that the azetidinium-based ILs could possess higher energetic performance as propellant fuels.…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, hydrazine and its derivatives have many advantages, such as high specific impulse, short ignition delay time, and super thrust control, which render them still useful as the energetic propellant fuels. [2][3] On the other hand, hydrazine and its derivatives are increasingly becoming much less favorable due to the associated drawbacks including extreme toxicity, high volatility and carcinogenicity. [4][5][6] It has been an urgent task to develop green alternatives that have performance comparable to the hydrazine-based fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] This provided an opportunity to replace the toxic hydrazine derivatives with green bipropellant fuels. Since then, attentions have been increasingly paid to ILs due to their characteristics, such as negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability, low toxicity, [2,[8][9][10] Currently, many studies focus on the design of ILs with good hypergolicity and fluidity, including cations such as alkyl-substituted imidazolium, triazolium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, [11,12] and anions such as N(CN) 2 À , [13] BH 4 À , [14,15] BH 3 CN À , [16][17][18] BH 2 (CN) 2 À , [19] N 3 À , [20][21][22] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Azetidinium‐based Hypergolic Ionic Liquids with High Strain Energy

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2018

ChemistrySelect

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A class of azetidinium-based hypergolic ionic liquids was synthesized and characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR, IR spectroscopies, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The properties of six synthesized ionic liquids were characterized with respect to liquid range (À80-200 8C), density (0.99-1.05 g cm À3 ), heat of formation (0.70-2.17 kJ g À1 ), specific impulse (164.0-184.5 s), and ignition delay time (23-130 ms). In order to better understand the relation between ring stains and energy of obtained compounds, the isomers of 9 were also synthesized for comparison. It is interesting to find that, compared with the isomers (9 a: 0.41 kJ g À1 , 156.5 s; 9 b: 0.36 kJ g À1 , 155.3 s), 9 exhibited a much higher heat of formation (0.78 kJ g À1 ) and specific impulse (164.8 s), which indicates that ring strains play an important role in the performance of energetic compounds. With the highest energetic properties (2.17 kJ g À1 , 184.5 s), 12 has a greater potential to be employed as green propellants.

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“…It can not only be used as a solvent in the reaction medium but also can be used as a catalyst. At present, it has played an important role in various fields such as catalysis, adsorption, and separation [18][19][20]. Recently, cellulose reprecipitated after being dissolved in ILs could show enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis because of a decrease in its crystallinity [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basicity Characterization of Imidazolyl Ionic Liquids and Their Application for Biomass Dissolution

Liu

Hou

2018

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Alkalinity determination is of crucial significance for the applications of basic ionic liquids with imidazolyl. In this work, the ionization constant p value and acid function H − values of ionic liquids synthesized were calculated by pH method and UV spectrum-Hammett method. The dissolution ratio of biomass in these ionic liquids was measured at different temperatures. Finally, the relationship between the alkalinity and structure of these ionic liquids was discussed, and the relationship between the alkalinity of ionic liquid and the dissolution mechanism biomass was also discussed. The results show that the basicity of carboxylate ionic liquids is determined mainly by their anions, whereas cations take some finely tuned roles. Furthermore, cations and anions are equally important and are involved in dissolution mechanisms.

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Energetic Ionic Liquids as Explosives and Propellant Fuels: A New Journey of Ionic Liquid Chemistry

Cited by 519 publications

References 151 publications

The Many Faces of FOX‐7: A Precursor to High‐Performance Energetic Materials

The Many Faces of FOX‐7: A Precursor to High‐Performance Energetic Materials

Azetidinium‐based Hypergolic Ionic Liquids with High Strain Energy

Basicity Characterization of Imidazolyl Ionic Liquids and Their Application for Biomass Dissolution

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