Energetic costs of mange in wolves estimated from infrared thermography

Cross, Paul C.; Almberg, Emily S.; Haase, Catherine G.; Hudson, Peter J.; Maloney, Shane K.; Metz, Matthew C.; Munn, Adam J.; Nugent, Paul W.; Putzeys, Olivier; Stahler, Daniel R.; Stewart, Anya C; Smith, Doug W.

doi:10.1890/15-1346.1

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Oleaga et al [5] also illustrated the usefulness of camera traps for detecting mange in wolves and red foxes, and other methods such as thermal imaging cameras are on the rise [66, 78]. Nonetheless, surveillance in the field is only a first step towards a holistic monitoring of a wildlife disease, and serological and genetic analyses of the pathogen should accompany them [77, 79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The range of the mange: Spatiotemporal patterns of sarcoptic mange in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as revealed by camera trapping

Carricondo‐Sanchez¹,

Odden²,

Linnell

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Sarcoptic mange is a widely distributed disease that affects numerous mammalian species. We used camera traps to investigate the apparent prevalence and spatiotemporal dynamics of sarcoptic mange in a red fox population in southeastern Norway. We monitored red foxes for five years using 305 camera traps distributed across an 18000 km2 area. A total of 6581 fox events were examined to visually identify mange compatible lesions. We investigated factors associated with the occurrence of mange by using logistic models within a Bayesian framework, whereas the spatiotemporal dynamics of the disease were analysed with space-time scan statistics. The apparent prevalence of the disease fluctuated over the study period with a mean of 3.15% and credible interval [1.25, 6.37], and our best logistic model explaining the presence of red foxes with mange-compatible lesions included time since the beginning of the study and the interaction between distance to settlement and season as explanatory variables. The scan analyses detected several potential clusters of the disease that varied in persistence and size, and the locations in the cluster with the highest probability were closer to human settlements than the other survey locations. Our results indicate that red foxes in an advanced stage of the disease are most likely found closer to human settlements during periods of low wild prey availability (winter). We discuss different potential causes. Furthermore, the disease appears to follow a pattern of small localized outbreaks rather than sporadic isolated events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The range of the mange: Spatiotemporal patterns of sarcoptic mange in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as revealed by camera trapping

Carricondo‐Sanchez¹,

Odden²,

Linnell

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…; Cross et al . ) in ways detectable by movement tools (e.g. risk‐taking behaviour or a dramatic shift in habitat preference), potentially allowing researchers to identify shifts in individuals’ behavioural patterns once individuals become infected.…”

Section: Disease Affects Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of infection-induced behavioural shifts range from Cordyceps fungi in arthropods, which cause hosts to climb to the upper part of a plant before death (Roy et al 2006), to Toxoplasma gondii in rats (Rattus norvegicus), which results in higher activity levels and loss of fear in infected hosts (Berdoy et al 2000). Importantly, such changes can alter movement trajectories (Murray et al 2015;Cross et al 2016) in ways detectable by movement tools (e.g. risk-taking behaviour or a dramatic shift in habitat preference), potentially allowing researchers to identify shifts in individuals' behavioural patterns once individuals become infected.…”

Section: Disease Affects Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The segmentation of movement paths into CAMs or, at a finer scale, behavioural states (Nathan et al 2012), represents an active area of study in disease ecology (Edelhoff et al 2016). For example, Cross et al (2016) established that infection with mange (Sarcoptic scabiei) in wolves (Canis lupus) was associated with decreased daily movements, with later stages of infection reducing total distance more than earlier stages. In addition, infected wolves spent significantly less time in an active behavioural mode (defined as hourly movements greater than 50 m) than healthy wolves, with degree of infection once again affecting activity level.…”

Section: Disease Affects Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Going through the motions: incorporating movement analyses into disease research

et al. 2018

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Though epidemiology dates back to the 1700s, most mathematical representations of epidemics still use transmission rates averaged at the population scale, especially for wildlife diseases. In simplifying the contact process, we ignore the heterogeneities in host movements that complicate the real world, and overlook their impact on spatiotemporal patterns of disease burden. Movement ecology offers a set of tools that help unpack the transmission process, letting researchers more accurately model how animals within a population interact and spread pathogens. Analytical techniques from this growing field can also help expose the reverse process: how infection impacts movement behaviours, and therefore other ecological processes like feeding, reproduction, and dispersal. Here, we synthesise the contributions of movement ecology in disease research, with a particular focus on studies that have successfully used movement-based methods to quantify individual heterogeneity in exposure and transmission risk. Throughout, we highlight the rapid growth of both disease and movement ecology and comment on promising but unexplored avenues for research at their overlap. Ultimately, we suggest, including movement empowers ecologists to pose new questions, expanding our understanding of host-pathogen dynamics and improving our predictive capacity for wildlife and even human diseases.

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“…Examples of infection-induced behavioral shifts range from Cordyceps fungi in arthropods, which cause hosts to climb to the upper part of a plant before death (Roy et al 2006), to Toxoplasma gondii in rats ( Rattus norvegicus ), which results in higher activity levels and loss of fear in infected hosts (Berdoy et al 2000). Importantly, such changes can alter movement trajectories (Murray et al 2015; Cross et al 2016) in ways detectable by movement tools (e.g., risk-taking behavior or a dramatic shift in habitat preference), potentially allowing researchers to identify shifts in individuals’ behavioral patterns once individuals become infected.…”

Section: Disease Affects Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going through the motions: incorporating movement analyses into disease research

Dougherty

Seidel

Carlson

et al. 2017

Preprint

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1Though epidemiology dates back to the 1700s, most mathematical representations of epidemics 2 still use transmission rates averaged at the population scale, especially for wildlife diseases. In 3 simplifying the contact process, we ignore the heterogeneities in host movements that complicate 4 the real world, and overlook their impact on spatiotemporal patterns of disease burden. Move-5 ment ecology offers a set of tools that help unpack the transmission process, letting researchers 6 more accurately model how animals within a population interact and spread pathogens. Ana-7 lytical techniques from this growing field can also help expose the reverse process: how infection 8 impacts movement behaviors, and therefore other ecological processes like feeding, reproduction, 9 and dispersal. Here, we synthesize the contributions of movement ecology in disease research, 10 with a particular focus on studies that have successfully used movement-based methods to quan-11 tify individual heterogeneity in exposure and transmission risk. Throughout, we highlight the 12 rapid growth of both disease and movement ecology, and comment on promising but unexplored 13 avenues for research at their overlap. Ultimately, we suggest, including movement empowers 14 ecologists to pose new questions expanding our understanding of host-pathogen dynamics, and 15 improving our predictive capacity for wildlife and even human diseases.

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Energetic costs of mange in wolves estimated from infrared thermography

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

The range of the mange: Spatiotemporal patterns of sarcoptic mange in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as revealed by camera trapping

The range of the mange: Spatiotemporal patterns of sarcoptic mange in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as revealed by camera trapping

Going through the motions: incorporating movement analyses into disease research

Going through the motions: incorporating movement analyses into disease research

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