Energetic and structural characteristics of N-substituted carbazoles and diphenylamines as components of charge transfer complexes

Grebenyuk, S. A.; Popov, A. F.

doi:10.1007/bf02764429

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Clot et al (121) and Cui et al (122) have investigated the effect of different nitrogen atom positions. According to Pez et al (123), N-ethylcarbazole can be dehydrogenated at temperatures as low as 120 • C. Other alternatives, such as indole derivatives (e.g., 3-methylindole), allow dehydrogenation at similarly low temperatures but can suffer from side reactions and consequently low selectivities (124).…”

Section: N-ethylcarbazole/perhydro-n-ethylcarbazolementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Future Energy Systems

Preuster

Алексеев

Wasserscheid

2017

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

299

162

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Future energy systems will be determined by the increasing relevance of solar and wind energy. Crude oil and gas prices are expected to increase in the long run, and penalties for CO emissions will become a relevant economic factor. Solar- and wind-powered electricity will become significantly cheaper, such that hydrogen produced from electrolysis will be competitively priced against hydrogen manufactured from natural gas. However, to handle the unsteadiness of system input from fluctuating energy sources, energy storage technologies that cover the full scale of power (in megawatts) and energy storage amounts (in megawatt hours) are required. Hydrogen, in particular, is a promising secondary energy vector for storing, transporting, and distributing large and very large amounts of energy at the gigawatt-hour and terawatt-hour scales. However, we also discuss energy storage at the 120-200-kWh scale, for example, for onboard hydrogen storage in fuel cell vehicles using compressed hydrogen storage. This article focuses on the characteristics and development potential of hydrogen storage technologies in light of such a changing energy system and its related challenges. Technological factors that influence the dynamics, flexibility, and operating costs of unsteady operation are therefore highlighted in particular. Moreover, the potential for using renewable hydrogen in the mobility sector, industrial production, and the heat market is discussed, as this potential may determine to a significant extent the future economic value of hydrogen storage technology as it applies to other industries. This evaluation elucidates known and well-established options for hydrogen storage and may guide the development and direction of newer, less developed technologies.

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Section: N-ethylcarbazole/perhydro-n-ethylcarbazolementioning

confidence: 99%