Energetic and Kinetic Control Aspects to Explain the Performances and Elucidate the Mechanisms of Oriented Membrane Processes for Extraction and Recovery of Glycerol Compound

Abstract

Facilitated extraction membrane processes present a promising technology to replace conventional methods of producing and purifying glycerol. They offer green, ecofriendly, and sustainable platforms with economic benefits. Therefore, in this article, we are interested in improvements to current glycerol purification techniques, in particular, the development of a more efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable glycerol purification process. The current work presents studies relating to the use of three polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) constituted by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a polymer support and the extractive agents resorcinarene C-undecylcalix (4) (Res), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (Crw), and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The developed membranes are adapted to facilitate the extraction of glycerol using a separation technique based on the principle of membrane oriented membrane processes. Kinetic and thermodynamic models based on the interaction between the glycerol substrate and the extractive agent immobilized in the membrane phase were adopted for the determination of macroscopic, microscopic, and activation parameters. The computational approach based on the threedimensional representation of the molecules allowed us to elucidate the mechanism with probable interactions the movement nature of glycerol molecules and to explain the experimental values. All results showed that the Res extractive agent is more efficient than its agent counterparts Crw and β-CD, with apparent diffusion coefficient values (10 5 D*) of 18.03, 2.99, and 1.65 cm 2 •s −1 respectively at 308 K. The membranes adopted and tested for the extraction oriented processes of the glycerol compound from an algae extract show a high performance for the PVA/β-CD membrane with a purity of 98.4%, whereas for glycerol extracted through the PVA/Crw and PVA/Res membranes these purities are 85.2% and 78.8%, respectively. The results described for the quantification of oriented processes relating to the facilitated extraction of the glycerol compound are unpublished in the literature and present original studies necessary to develop and optimize a clean and sustainable technique for obtaining pure glycerol.

Ionic Liquids and Activated Carbon: Effective Materials for the Sustainable Production of Fresh Water from Salt Effluents (BRINE)

“…The increase in the WV diffusion flux with temperature (Figure ) and the low activation energy E a (<50 kJ mol –1 ) indicate that the reaction between the WV molecule and the interaction site of the IL agent is a simple reaction (association/dissociation) by formation and decomposition of an unstable intermediate entity (WV-IL) ≠ (Figure S3), which orients and ensures better water vapor diffusion. Previous studies, carried out within our laboratory ,, confirm the described results and indicate that the molecules of water vapor move by a mechanism of jumps on the charged and oriented sites of the ionic liquid agents.…”

Efficient and Original Technique for the Optimization and Intensification of Membrane Processes Relating to the Treatment and Recovery of Discharges Loaded with the Emerging Pollutant Paracetamol

“…The feed phase consists of the paracetamol substrate solution, while the receiving phase consists of distilled water (with or without activated carbon). In order to maintain the same temperature during the studied processes, the system was immersed in a thermostatic water bath …”

“…In order to maintain the same temperature during the studied processes, the system was immersed in a thermostatic water bath. 37 Paracetamol was purchased from ICN Biomedicals, and its concentration was taken from the source phase every hour. The analysis was conducted at the maximum absorption wavelength (λ max = 243.40 nm) using a UV−vis spectrometer (UV/VIS Excellence, Mettler Toledo) in the wavelength range of 190−1100 nm.…”

Reliable and efficient membrane processes for clean and sustainable production of fresh water from saline waste

“…70 This interpretation is also confirmed and consolidated by the work of some members of M. Hlaibi's team on the diffusion processes of different substrates, organic molecules and ions. 93…”

“…Various studies on diffusion processes of substrates through PIMs have suggested the formation of unstable intermediate entities [H 2 O-IL] # through the interaction between substrate molecules (H 2 O) and extractive agent sites (ILs). 93,[96][97][98][99] The data in Table 4 indicate that the incorporation of the TBAPF 6 IL agent in the membrane phase favored the diffusion of water vapor. Analysis of previous results revealed low values for activation energies (E a and ΔH ≠ ), confirming the observed performances of the developed membranes.…”