Energetic and economic aspects of a heating and cooling district in a mild climate based on closed loop ground source heat pump

Carli, Michele De; Galgaro, Antonio; Pasqualetto, Michele; Zarrella, Angelo

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.01.064

Cited by 42 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Based on the heating and cooling conditions of a new building in Zagreb, Croatia, they studied the effects of BHE geometry and spacing on the performance of the system and thermal interference of the BHE. The optimal spacing for 42 BHEs, regarding economic and efficiency aspects, was 6 m. Also, the study by De Carli et al (2014) obtained a range in BHE spacing comparable to the one of our case study. In their case, the spacing depended on the energy demand of the housing district and the shape of the BHE field.…”

Section: Scenariosupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In denser urban areas, this space is likely to be smaller and due to higher buildings with a larger heat demand per m 2 building, we expect the heat supply rate to be smaller in such areas unless the amount of overall drilling meter increases significantly. The latter was demonstrated in the case study by De Carli et al (2014), who proposed to identify the most suitable BHE solution for an urban area with two different building density types. They defined a low-density housing district with 2-floor buildings, and a medium-density housing district composed of buildings with six floors.…”

Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Eicker et al (2011) and Blum et al (2011) noted that GSHP systems in Germany are typically installed in new, single-family buildings with a low heat demand, which are usually supplied with heat by two borehole heat exchangers (BHEs). However, as stated by De Carli et al (2014) and Solomon (2017), it is more reasonable to plan geothermal systems for an entire quarter or city instead of focusing only on individual houses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meeting the demand: geothermal heat supply rates for an urban quarter in Germany

et al. 2019

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Thermal energy for space heating and for domestic hot water use represents about a third of the overall energy demand in Germany. An alternative to non-renewable energy-based heat supply is the implementation of closed and open shallow geothermal systems, such as horizontal ground source heat pump systems, vertical ground source heat pump (vGSHP) systems and groundwater heat pump systems. Based on existing regulations and local hydrogeological conditions, the optimal site-specific system for heat supply has to be identified. In the presented technical feasibility study, various analytical solutions are tested for an urban quarter before and after building refurbishment. Geothermal heat supply rates are evaluated by providing information on the optimal system and the specific shortcomings. Our results show that standard vGSHP systems are even applicable in older and non-refurbished residential areas with a high heat demand using a borehole heat exchanger with a length of 100 m or in conjunction with multiple boreholes. After refurbishment, all studied shallow geothermal systems are able to cover the lowered heat demand. The presented analysis also demonstrates that ideally, various technological variants of geothermal systems should be evaluated for finding the optimal solution for existing, refurbished and newly developed residential areas. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Section: Scenariosupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meeting the demand: geothermal heat supply rates for an urban quarter in Germany

et al. 2019

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“…Similar projects follow mainly Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS) based modeling approaches such as De Carli et al [4] determining loads and sources of LTDHN in TRNSYS in combination with a ground source heat pump modelled in Earth Energy Designer. Bestenlehner [5] based his comparison of a conventional DHN with a LTDHN on TRNSYS simulations as well as Robbi [6] comparing operation modes of DHN on several temperature levels using TRNSYS-TUD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling low temperature district heating networks for the utilization of local energy potentials

et al. 2016

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proach allows the mutual use of waste heat and ambient heat, an integration of solar thermal heat as well as the seasonal shift of excess solar heat with less resource requirement (financially, control wise, material wise) compared to a three or four strand network.Case study for the simulation framework is an ecological model settlement on site of the former Prince-Eugen-Barracks in the east of Munich, within a 30 hectare quarter with approximately 1800 flats in development. The southern part of this new quarter is intended to become the ecological model settlement with approximately 500 flats [3].Aim of the simulation model is to supply the heat and cooling demand of the connected components with renewable energies and a minimum amount of additional exergy to reach an even energy and heat balance. Modellierung von Niedrigtemperaturnetzen zur Nutzung lokaler Energiepotenziale in Quartieren. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Modellierungsansatz für

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“…Low-temperature networks have been discussed in the literature, for example, De Carli et al performed an energo-economic analysis of a small-scale, low-temperature district heating and cooling network in Italy [27], Bestenlehner compared a low-temperature and a conventional district heating network in a quarter of Stuttgart [28], Ruesch modeled the time evolution of large borehole fields connected to low temperature district heating networks [26], Kräuchi et al modelled a low-temperature district heating and cooling network using the IDA indoor climate and energy (IDA ICE) simulation software [29] and Molyneaux et al performed an enviro-economic optimisation for low-temperature heat networks with heat pumps [30].…”

Section: Low Temperature Dhc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Integration of Energy-Optimal Buildings With District Networks

et al. 2019

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The residential sector accounts for a large share of worldwide energy consumption, yet is difficult to characterise, since consumption profiles depend on several factors from geographical location to individual building occupant behaviour. Given this difficulty, the fact that energy used in this sector is primarily derived from fossil fuels and the latest energy policies around the world (e.g., Europe 20-20-20), a method able to systematically integrate multi-energy networks and low carbon resources in urban systems is clearly required. This work proposes such a method, which uses process integration techniques and mixed integer linear programming to optimise energy systems at both the individual building and district levels. Parametric optimisation is applied as a systematic way to generate interesting solutions for all budgets (i.e., investment cost limits) and two approaches to temporal data treatment are evaluated: monthly average and hourly typical day resolution. The city center of Geneva is used as a first case study to compare the time resolutions and results highlight that implicit peak shaving occurs when data are reduced to monthly averages. Consequently, solutions reveal lower operating costs and higher self-sufficiency scenarios compared to using a finer resolution but with similar relative cost contributions. Therefore, monthly resolution is used for the second case study, the whole canton of Geneva, in the interest of reducing the data processing and computation time as a primary objective of the study is to discover the main cost contributors. The canton is used as a case study to analyse the penetration of low temperature, CO2-based, advanced fourth generation district energy networks with population density. The results reveal that only areas with a piping cost lower than 21.5 k/100 m2ERA connect to the low-temperature network in the intermediate scenarios, while all areas must connect to achieve the minimum operating cost result. Parallel coordinates are employed to better visualise the key performance indicators at canton and commune level together with the breakdown of energy (electricity and natural gas) imports/exports and investment cost to highlight the main contributors.

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Energetic and economic aspects of a heating and cooling district in a mild climate based on closed loop ground source heat pump

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Meeting the demand: geothermal heat supply rates for an urban quarter in Germany

Meeting the demand: geothermal heat supply rates for an urban quarter in Germany

Modeling low temperature district heating networks for the utilization of local energy potentials

Systematic Integration of Energy-Optimal Buildings With District Networks

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