Enemy at the Gates: A Neoclassical Realist Explanation of Russia's Baltic Policy

Götz, Elias

doi:10.1093/fpa/orx011

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This shows that NCR analyzes not only democracies or Western great powers. NCR can contribute to studying great and small powers beyond the West—including postcolonial and authoritarian states (or a combination thereof) (Balci et al, 2018; Becker et al, 2016; Götz, 2017; Gvalia et al, 2019; Wivel, 2016).…”

Section: Global Questions and Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realist avenues to global International Relations

Foulon

Meibauer

2020

European Journal of International Relations

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Realism has long been criticized by global IR, but the former can contribute to the latter and thereby improve explanations of international relations. Global IR criticizes that realism supposedly applies universally, sidelines non-Western perspectives, and misunderstands much of foreign policy, grand strategy, and international affairs. Reviewing global IR’s case against realism, however, exposes avenues for realism to complement global IR. Realism can contribute to a more global understanding of international relations through its most recent variant: neoclassical realism (NCR). This newest realism allows for contextualization and historicization of drivers of state behavior. It can embrace and has already been engaging global questions and cases; global thought and concepts; and global perspectives and scholarship. Mapping 149 NCR publications produced by 96 scholars reveals a slow shift in knowledge production away from North America toward Europe and to a lesser extent Asia and Africa. Creative research designs and scholarly collaboration can put realism in fruitful conversation with global IR. This has implications for theory building and inclusive knowledge production in realism, global IR, and the wider discipline. Only when we discover new avenues for realists to travel can they contribute to a more global IR. In turn, when global IR scholars engage realism, they may be better able to address the Western versus non-Western dichotomies they challenge.

show abstract

Section: Global Questions and Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realist avenues to global International Relations

Foulon

Meibauer

2020

European Journal of International Relations

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, gaining the opportunity to influence Warsaw's political decision-making process allows influencing Brussels and Washington's foreign policy, leading to mutual animosities or the non-conflicting pursuit of specific interests. In the pessimistic variant, taking control of Warsaw would significantly weaken American influence in this part of Europe and guarantee the possibility of a strong influence on Brussels' internal decision-making process (Baumann 2020;Götz 2016;Götz 2017).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolitical Strategy of the Russian Federation in Relation to the Epicenter of the Visegrad Group on the Example of Poland in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Bielawski¹,

Górnikiewicz²,

Magierski³

et al. 2020

ERSJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: An attempt to determine the possibility of using the global epidemic's state to implement geopolitical objectives by the Russian Federation on the example of Poland in the wider context of international geopolitical conditions around the Visegrad Group. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper uses mainly source texts and the content of expert interviews conducted at the turn of 2019/2020. The collected empirical data were then processed using theoretical methods such as analysis, synthesis, and comparison to formulate conclusions using deductive and inductive inference methods. Findings: It has been confirmed that in their foreign policy, the decision-making centers of the Russian Federation are willing to take advantage of the situation of the global epidemic to achieve their own geopolitical goals concerning other countries. Practical Implications: This study may be used in scientific and expert work on the Russian Federation's foreign policy in the COVID-19 era. Originality/Value: Lack of comprehensive scientific studies dedicated to implementing the Russian Federation's geopolitical objectives during the COVID-19 2019/2020 epidemic.

show abstract

“…After the USSR collapsed, the newly formed Russian Federation often used the available economic instruments, which were largely related to the former post-Soviet republics' dependence on Russian energy imports (Åtland and Kabanenko, 2020;Götz, 2017). At that time, under any pretext, deliveries could be stopped, including the excuse used in the past for sudden maintenance or repair with an indefinite deadline for completion of the "corrective" measures taken.…”

Section: Russian "Hard Power" and The Polish Decision-making Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third category is the paramilitary activities, which are not related to the armed forces' actual use, but the creation of threats to their use or paramilitary formations, as was the case several years ago in Ukraine. It should be acknowledged that some researchers of these issues include military demonstrations, e.g., in the form of "peaceful military exercises" at the border with a given country, as activities from the repertoire of military actions (Götz, 2017). Regardless of the adopted name, all the mentioned forms of hard impact (Matlary, 2018;deLisle, 2020) have been used concerning Poland, which was presented in the cases indicated in the paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Russian “Hard Power” and “Soft Power” in Influencing Central and Eastern European Countries on the Example of Poland in the COVID-19 Era

Górnikiewicz¹,

Bielawski²,

Walkowiak³

2020

ERSJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: An attempt was made to determine the scope and actual implications resulting from the use of the Russian "hard power" and "soft power" concerning the CEE countries in the COVID-19 era based on the Russian impact on Poland in the period 2019/2020. Design/Methodology/Approach: The substantive components of the impact under study were obtained through a study. A synthesis method was applied, which allowed for grouping the originally separated components into three basic currents of hard influences: political, political-economic, and paramilitary. The comparison method was used to verify such a division of the Russian hard current and, if such a division is confirmed, to highlight the existing differences-especially between the first and second current. In the course of research on the methodology of the Kremlin's soft impact on the Polish decision-making process, the method of reviewing source materials of recognized reliability was used (query of scientific literature and expert studies), which were compared with quantitatively collected data obtained from media information to supplement the whole source material. The conclusions were formulated using induction and deduction methods. Findings: The Russian Federation uses political and economic and economic measures in the first place to influence using "hard power," and if it is not possible to influence such measures, it uses paramilitary measures. In the case of soft power impact, the Russian Federation mainly uses informational means in the form of so-called "social engineering" methodology (propaganda), where the main area of activity is virtual space. Practical Implications: This paper can be used in scientific and expert work dedicated to the Russian methodology of impact using "hard power" and "soft power." Originality/Value: Lack of comprehensive scientific studies dedicated to the methodology of using "hard power" and "soft power" means by the Russian Federation during the COVID-19 2019/2020 epidemic.

show abstract

Enemy at the Gates: A Neoclassical Realist Explanation of Russia's Baltic Policy

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Realist avenues to global International Relations

Realist avenues to global International Relations

Geopolitical Strategy of the Russian Federation in Relation to the Epicenter of the Visegrad Group on the Example of Poland in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Russian “Hard Power” and “Soft Power” in Influencing Central and Eastern European Countries on the Example of Poland in the COVID-19 Era

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About