Enduring effects of prenatal cocaine administration on emotional behavior in rats

Overstreet, David H.; Moy, Sheryl S.; A, Lubin, Debra; Gause, Lee R; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; Johns, Josephine M.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00245-6

Cited by 67 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This hypothesis has also been supported in animal studies [1,8,15,30,63,67,85,86,92,94]. The prefrontal cortex is one site that is thought to control arousal, attention, and mood, as well as executive functioning (the ability to plan and carry out actions) [17,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The effects of prenatal cocaine use on infant development

Richardson¹,

Goldschmidt²,

Willford³

2008

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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This study examined the effect of prenatal cocaine use on infant physical, cognitive, and motor development, and temperamental characteristics, controlling for other factors that affect infant development. Women were, on average, 26.8 years old, had 12 years of education, and 46% were African American. During the first trimester, 18% were frequent users of cocaine (≥ 1 line/day). The infants were, on average, 14.6 months old at this follow-up phase. Women who used cocaine during pregnancy rated their infants as more fussy/difficult and unadaptable than did women who did not use cocaine. Cocaine use in the second trimester was associated with significantly lower motor scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) [9]. There was no effect of prenatal cocaine use on BSID mental performance or on growth. These findings are consistent with other reports in the literature and with the hypothesis that prenatal cocaine exposure affects development through changes in neurotransmitter systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The effects of prenatal cocaine use on infant development

Richardson¹,

Goldschmidt²,

Willford³

2008

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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“…Consistent trends, some quite strong (p ≤ .06-.07) were found, indicating impaired or delayed nesting; less crouching, licking, touching of pups; and more time spent resting away or laying flat on pups. In our subjects, the behavior of laying flat on the pups did not appear to stimulate nursing, although others may disagree (Stern & Johnson, 1989).Rat pups prenatally exposed to cocaine at different ages differ in their stress responsivity, response to tactile stimuli (Johns, Knapp, & Noonan, 1994), and ability to elicit play solicitations from an untreated conspecific Overstreet et al, 2000); have play deficits (Wood, Bannoura, & Johanson, 1994; Wood, Molina, Wagner, & Spear, 1995); and exhibit abnormal social-aggressive behavior when older (Johns, Knapp, & Johns, Means, et al, 1994;Overstreet et al, 2000). These data, taken together, suggest that behavior and physical attributes of drug exposed offspring may make them more vulnerable to neglect or even abusive behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Cocaine treatment and prenatal environment interact to disrupt intergenerational maternal behavior in rats.

Johns¹,

Elliott²,

Hofler³

et al. 2005

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The link between impaired maternal behavior (MB) and cocaine treatment could result from druginduced decreases in maternal reactivity to offspring, prenatal drug exposure (PDE) in offspring that could alter their ability to elicit MB, or the interaction of both, which could subsequently impair MB of the 1st-generation dams. Following chronic or intermittent cocaine or saline treatment during gestation, rat dams rearing natural or cross-fostered litters were compared along with untreated dams for MB. Untreated 1st-generation females with differentially treated rearing dams and PDE were tested for MB with their natural litters. The authors report disruptions in MB in dams and their 1st-generation offspring, attributable to main and interaction effects of maternal treatment, litter PDE, and rearing experience. Pregnant women who use cocaine perpetrate child abuse and neglect more often than women who do not use cocaine during pregnancy (Hawley, Halle, Drasin, & Thomas, 1995; Tyler, Howard, Espinosa, & Doakes, 1997; Wasserman & Leventhal, 1993). Maternal cocaine abuse during pregnancy has also been strongly associated with deficits in maternalinfant bonding (Burns, Chethik, Burns, & Clark, 1991), and mothers with a history of substance abuse often exhibit poor mother-infant interactions (Bauman & Dougherty, 1983;Bays, 1990; Howard, Beck-with, Espinosa, & Tyler, 1995;Johnson & Rosen, 1990). Though studies with human participants are helpful in understanding the connection between cocaine use and maternal neglect, these experiments are correlational. There is a necessary lack of control over many important variables that could confound the results, such as socioeconomic issues, lack of family support, multidrug abuse, and poor general prenatal care (Chasnoff et al., 1998;Koren et al., 1998). Studies that use numerous controls have shown a strong correlation between reported history of child maltreatment and the perpetration of maltreatment and/or neglect in next-generation mothers (Egeland, Jacobvitz, & Papatola, 1987;Hunter, Kilstrom, Kraybill, & Loda, 1978).In order to appropriately investigate and describe the characteristics of cocaine-induced disruption of maternal behavior and potential neglect, as well as possible intergenerational effects of such disruptions, a nonhuman cocaine abuse model offers several advantages. The laboratory rat is a particularly good model for the study of maternal behavior. Their offspring are born blind, unable to thermoregulate, defecate, urinate, or protect themselves from attack (Numan, 1994), thus needing considerable maternal care to survive (Stern, 1997). Behaviorally and neurologically, maternal behavior in the rat has also been relatively well characterized (Numan, 1994;Pedersen, Ascher, Monroe, & Prange, 1982;Pedersen, Caldwell, Walker, Ayers, & Mason, 1994) so that any insult to normal maternal behavior can be easily determined.Maternal separation studies also support a rat intergenerational model of behavior showing that cross-fostering results in behavior of offsp...

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“…Prenatal exposure to cocaine has been demonstrated to alter stress responsivity, general play behaviors (Wood et al 1994(Wood et al , 1995, ability to elicit play solicitations from an UN conspecific Overstreet et al 2000), maternal behavior onset and pup-induced maternal behavior (Johns et al 2005;Johns et al 2007), and social/ aggressive behavior at older ages (Johns et al 1994a;Overstreet et al 2000). Given the history of effects following prenatal cocaine exposure in rats, we expected to see more effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine in the offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

McMurray

Joyner

Middleton

et al. 2008

Stress

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Gestational cocaine treatment results in significantly increased maternal aggression towards an intruder by postpartum day six, while acute postpartum treatment dose dependently decreases maternal aggressive (MA) behavior. Both increased and decreased aggression in the cocainetreated dams are correlated with either decreased or increased levels of oxytocin in the amygdala, respectively. The current study was an effort to determine whether the effect of gestational cocaine on maternal aggression is transient or would continue into the postpartum period; whether an intermittent cocaine treatment regimen, which incorporates gestational and postpartum intermittent cocaine treatment, would differ from chronic daily gestational treatment; and finally, whether next generation female offspring of cocaine-treated or control dams would have altered MA behavior and oxytocin system changes attributable to either prenatal drug exposure, rearing condition or both. We now report no increase in maternal aggression following chronic gestational treatment and significantly lower levels of aggression in intermittently treated dams on postpartum day eight, with no significant effects in either group on postpartum day 12. Young adult female offspring of the cocaine-treated and control dams, who reared their own natural litters and were tested on postpartum day eight for maternal aggression, had higher levels of maternal aggression towards an intruder attributable to both prenatal cocaine exposure and rearing condition. Higher aggression in cocaine-reared next generation dams was associated with lower levels of oxytocin in the amygdala. Intergenerational effects of cocaine were apparent with respect to aggression and oxytocin system changes.

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Enduring effects of prenatal cocaine administration on emotional behavior in rats

Cited by 67 publications

References 38 publications

The effects of prenatal cocaine use on infant development

The effects of prenatal cocaine use on infant development

Cocaine treatment and prenatal environment interact to disrupt intergenerational maternal behavior in rats.

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

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