Enduring and sex-specific effects of adolescent social isolation in rats on adult stress reactivity

Weintraub, Ari Y.; Singaravelu, Janani; Bhatnagar, Seema

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.068

Cited by 161 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…There was no significant difference in total arm entries between the males and females, indicating that there were no significant differences in locomotor and explorative behavior between the males and females. The notion that the females exhibited low anxiety-like behavior is further supported by the previous studies using the EPM test (42) and open field test (43).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Metaplastic Regulation of the Median Raphe Nucleus via Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor on Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity Is Associated With Gender-Specific Emotional Expression in Rats

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Gender differences in psychiatric disorders are considered to be associated with the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system; however the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, possible involvement of the median raphe nucleus (MRN)-hippocampus 5-HTergic system in gender-specific emotional regulation was investigated, focusing on synaptic plasticity in rats. A behavioral study using a contextual fear conditioning (CFC) paradigm showed that the females exhibited low anxiety-like behavior. Extracellular 5-HT levels in the hippocampus were increased by CFC only in the males. Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1 field was suppressed after CFC in the males, which was mimicked by the synaptic response to MRN electrical stimulation. In the MRN, 5-HT immunoreactive cells significantly increased in the females compared with those in the males. Pretreatment with the 5-HT 1A receptor agonists tandospirone (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and 8-OH DPAT (3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly suppressed LTP induction in the males. Synaptic responses to CFC and 5-HT 1A receptor interventions were not observed in the females. These results suggest that the metaplastic 5-HTergic mechanism via 5-HT 1A receptors in the MRN-hippocampus pathway is a key component for gender-specific emotional regulation and may be a cause of psychiatric disorders associated with vulnerability or resistance to emotional stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Metaplastic Regulation of the Median Raphe Nucleus via Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor on Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity Is Associated With Gender-Specific Emotional Expression in Rats

et al. 2014

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“…Stress exposure during certain vulnerability periods, including adolescence, is known to alter how the HPA axis responds to future stressors (Barha et al, 2011;Burke et al, 2010;Isgor et al, 2004;Weintraub et al, 2010). Therefore, chronic high levels of the hormone corticosterone, which is released by the adrenal glands after HPA axis activation, could produce permanent changes in response to stressors long after the CORT exposure has ended.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the majority of differences in impulsivity observed here are unlikely to be explained by altered HPA axis function, but rather by long-lasting neuroplasticity in the circuits that regulate impulsive behavior and decision-making. Indeed, several studies involving adolescent stress exposure report that in adulthood the animals have no difference in baseline CORT levels, though they may have a reduction in peak CORT levels or faster negative feedback after an acute stressor (Weintraub et al, 2010;Burke et al, 2010;Barha et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Corticosterone Exposure during Adolescence Reduces Impulsive Action but Increases Impulsive Choice and Sensitivity to Yohimbine in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Torregrossa

Xie

Taylor

2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Chronic stress during adolescence is associated with an increased risk for alcoholism and addictive disorders. Addiction is also associated with increased impulsivity, and stress during adolescence could alter cortical circuits responsible for response inhibition. Therefore, the present study determined the effect of chronic exposure to the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) during adolescence on tests of impulsivity in adulthood and examined possible biochemical mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CORT by their drinking water during adolescence (post-natal day 30-50). The rats were then tested in adulthood to assess behavior on the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT), stop-signal reaction time task (SSRTT), and the delay-discounting task, which differentially assess attention, impulsive action, and impulsive choice. Yohimbine-induced impulsivity on the 5CSRTT and biochemical analysis of the lateral orbital frontal cortex (lOFC) was also assessed owing to the ability of yohimbine to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and influence impulsivity. Adolescent CORT-treated rats were found to behave largely like controls on the 5CSRTT, but did show reduced premature responses when the intertrial interval was increased. Nevertheless, the CORT-treated rats tended to have more yohimbineinduced impulsive responses at low doses on this task, which was not found to be due to increased pCREB in the lOFC, but could be related to a higher expression/activity of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1. Adolescent CORT-treated rats performed more accurately on the SSRTT, but showed greater impulsivity on the delay-discounting task, as indicated by steeper discounting functions. Therefore, adolescent CORT exposure reduced impulsive action but increased impulsive choice, indicating that chronic stress hormone exposure in adolescence can have long-term consequences on behavior.

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“…control of breathing; maternal separation; environment; chemoreflex; temperature regulation; hormone IN RATS, HOUSING CONDITIONS from weaning until adulthood have a significant impact on animal development and health. Extreme housing conditions, such as social isolation (single housing) or crowding (ϳ3.0 dm 3 /rat), are stressful to the juvenile animal and promote the emergence of anxiety, depression, and hypertension, and augment stress responsiveness at adulthood (7,36,50). By contrast, enrichment of the animal's environment with group housing, various objects, and larger cages facilitates natural social behaviors and improves animal health by making them more resilient to stressful conditions (31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of juvenile housing conditions on the ventilatory, thermoregulatory, and endocrine responses to hypoxia of adult male rats

Fournier

Joseph

Kinkead

2011

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Fournier S, Joseph V, Kinkead R. Influence of juvenile housing conditions on the ventilatory, thermoregulatory, and endocrine responses to hypoxia of adult male rats. J Appl Physiol 111: 516 -523, 2011. First published May 19, 2011 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00370.2011.-"Extreme" housing conditions, such as isolation (single housing) or crowding, are stressful for rats, and their deleterious impact on behavior is well documented. To determine whether more subtle variations in housing can affect animal physiology, the present study tested the hypothesis that the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) of adult male rats housed in pairs during the juvenile period (postnatal day 21 to adulthood) does not differ from that of animals housed in triads. Because neonatal stress augments the neuroendocrine responsiveness to stress and HVR, experiments were performed both on "control" (undisturbed) animals and rats subjected to neonatal maternal separation (NMS; 3 h/day, postnatal days 3-12). At adulthood, ventilatory activity was measured by whole body plethysmography under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (inspired fraction of O2 ϭ 0.12; 20 min). The ventilatory and body temperature responses to hypoxia of rats raised in triads were less than those of rats housed in pairs. For the HVR, however, the attenuation induced by triad housing was more important in NMS rats. Triad housing decreased "basal" plasma corticosterone, but increased estradiol and testosterone levels. Much like the HVR, housing-related decrease in corticosterone level was greater in NMS than control rats. We conclude that modest changes in housing conditions (pairs vs. triads) during the juvenile period can influence basic homeostatic functions, such as temperature, endocrine, and respiratory regulation. Housing conditions can influence (even eliminate) the manifestations of respiratory plasticity subsequent to deleterious neonatal treatments. Differences in neuroendocrine function likely contribute to these effects. control of breathing; maternal separation; environment; chemoreflex; temperature regulation; hormone IN RATS, HOUSING CONDITIONS from weaning until adulthood have a significant impact on animal development and health. Extreme housing conditions, such as social isolation (single housing) or crowding (ϳ3.0 dm 3 /rat), are stressful to the juvenile animal and promote the emergence of anxiety, depression, and hypertension, and augment stress responsiveness at adulthood (7,36,50). By contrast, enrichment of the animal's environment with group housing, various objects, and larger cages facilitates natural social behaviors and improves animal health by making them more resilient to stressful conditions (31). In most animal care facilities, however, "standard" housing conditions (postweaning) consist of placing multiple animals within the same cage. The actual housing conditions are rarely documented, but a brief survey of the literature reveals important variations between laboratories: some report housing rats four to five per cage (36), whereas others ...

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Enduring and sex-specific effects of adolescent social isolation in rats on adult stress reactivity

Cited by 161 publications

References 57 publications

Metaplastic Regulation of the Median Raphe Nucleus via Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor on Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity Is Associated With Gender-Specific Emotional Expression in Rats

Metaplastic Regulation of the Median Raphe Nucleus via Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor on Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity Is Associated With Gender-Specific Emotional Expression in Rats

Chronic Corticosterone Exposure during Adolescence Reduces Impulsive Action but Increases Impulsive Choice and Sensitivity to Yohimbine in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Influence of juvenile housing conditions on the ventilatory, thermoregulatory, and endocrine responses to hypoxia of adult male rats

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