Endurance Training Improves the Resistance of Rat Diaphragm to Exercise-induced Oxidative Stress

Abstract

The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that endurance training improves the ability of the diaphragm muscle to resist exercise-induced oxidative stress. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned to either untrained or trained groups. Trained rats were treadmill-trained for 9 wk. Each group was subdivided into acutely exercised or nonexercised groups. Diaphragm muscle from each rat was analyzed to determine the levels of certain antioxidant enzymes: Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. In addition, interleukin-1 and myeloperoxidase levels were determined. Endurance training upregulated all of the antioxidant enzymes. Conversely, acute exercise increased glutathione peroxidase and catalase in untrained rats, while it had no overt effect on any antioxidant enzymes in trained rats. Both Mn-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD contents and activities were increased with endurance training. However, the mRNA expressions of both forms of SOD did not show any significant change with endurance training. Acute exercise also increased the levels of interleukin-1 and myeloperoxidase in untrained rats but not in trained rats. Moreover, acute exercise significantly increased the ability of neutrophils to produce superoxide, especially in untrained rats. The results from this study demonstrate that endurance training can upregulate certain antioxidant enzyme activities in rat diaphragm muscle, indicating the potential for improvement of the resistance to intracellular reactive oxygen species. The results of this study also suggest that acute exercise may cause oxidative damage in rat diaphragm through the activation of the inflammatory pathway and that endurance training may minimize such an extracellular oxidative stress by acute exercise.

Effect of High Intensity Interval Training On Antioxidants of Male Physical Education Students

“…SOD activity in skeletal muscle has been reported to increase after endurance training [13][14][15][16][17]. Further, GPx also underwent adaptation to endurance training which are reported earlier by Oh-Ishi et al (1997) [18]; Leeuwenburgh et al (1994) [14] and Powers et al (1994) [17]. In addition, CAT activities have been reported to change with endurance training.…”

Oxygen and the copper chaperone CCS regulate posttranslational activation of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase

“…Investigations in animal models mirror the results in yeast. Repeated exposure to oxidative stress in the form of endurance training enhanced the levels of antioxidant enzymes and the resistance to ROS produced during acute bouts of exercise (8)(9)(10). Thus, while oxidative stress leads to increased transcription and͞or translation of the SOD1 gene (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), such stresses may lead to activation of SOD1 at the posttranslation level, although the molecular mechanisms remain unknown.…”

Exercício físico regular diminui o estresse oxidativo pulmonar em ratos após exposição aguda ao carvão mineral

“…It is possible that these results are due to the levels of the antioxidant enzymes. Nevertheless, although such results are important, Oh-Ishi and co-workers (11) suggest that the effect of the physical training on the reduction of the lipoperoxidation levels is not as significant as the improvement in the ability of the tissue in resisting to the lipoperoxidation effects induced by the own physical exercise.…”

“…Several studies have described the metabolic ways in the ROS production while exercising (9)(10)(11)(12) , but little is yet known about the influence of the regular physical exercises on the ROS releasing after inhaling mineral particles. The information contained in the literature is only presuppositions that demand further scientific investigations.…”