Endurance Training <i>Per Se</i> Increases Metabolic Health in Young, Moderately Overweight Men

Nordby, Pernille; Auerbach, Pernille; Rosenkilde, Mads; Kristiansen, Lasse; Thomasen, Jan R.; Rygaard, Lisbeth; Groth, Rasmus; Brandt, Nina; Helge, Jørn Wulff; Richter, Erik A.; Ploug, Thorkil; Stallknecht, Bente

doi:10.1038/oby.2012.70

Cited by 64 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…This finding is consistent with results from previous randomized and non-randomized trials conducted by our group (12, 13, 31) and others (6, 7, 19, 20, 24, 27). However, randomized and non-randomized trials have also reported both significantly increased (22) and decreased energy intake in response to exercise training (8, 21).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Thus, digital photography may provide better estimates of energy and macronutrient intake for studies on the effect of exercise training on dietary behavior where 24-hr. recalls or 3- to 7-day food records have been typically employed (24, 27). Participants were required to eat a minimum of 2 meals•d −1 on weekdays, and 1 meal•d −1 on weekends over the 7-day period in the cafeteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…≤ 20/group) (12, 27) over time frames of ≤ 12 weeks (21, 24, 33). In addition, with the exception of the study by Donnelly et al (10), energy intake in most studies has been assessed using 2 to 7-day food records (4, 21, 24, 27). Food records have been shown to underestimate energy intake when compared with energy expenditure assessed by doubly labeled water (28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and Macronutrient Intake in the Midwest Exercise Trial 2 (MET-2)

Washburn

Honas

Ptomey

et al. 2015

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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PURPOSE To examined the effect of exercise training over 10 months at 2 levels of energy expenditure on energy and macronutrient intake in a sample of previously sedentary, overweight/obese young adults. METHODS We conducted a 10 month trial in 141 young adults who were randomized to supervised exercise, 5 days•wk−1 at 400 and 600 kcal•session−1, or non-exercise control. Participants were instructed to maintain their usual ad-libitum diets. Energy/macronutrient intake was assessed at baseline, 3.5, 7 and 10 months over 7-day periods of ad libitum eating in a university cafeteria using digital photography. Foods consumed outside the cafeteria were assessed using multiple-pass recalls. RESULTS There were no significant between group differences in absolute energy intake at baseline or any other time point in the total sample or in men. In women, absolute energy intake was significantly greater in the 600 kcal•session−1 group vs. controls at both 3.5 and 7 months. There were no significant between group differences in relative energy intake (kcal•kg•d−1) at any time point in the total sample, men or women. There were no significant within or between group differences of change in absolute or relative energy intake in any of the 3 study groups in the total sample, or in men or women. No clinically relevant changes in macronutrient intake were observed. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise training does not significantly alter energy or macronutrient intake in overweight and obese young adults. The possibility of a threshold level beyond which increased exercise energy expenditure fails to produce a more negative energy balance, and potential sex differences in the energy intake response to increased levels of exercise are potentially important.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and Macronutrient Intake in the Midwest Exercise Trial 2 (MET-2)

Washburn

Honas

Ptomey

et al. 2015

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…In contrast, FFM is at least preserved (5) or sometimes even increased (20, 48) during exercise-induced weight loss. Even when body weight is only marginally affected, exercise may lead to a negative energy balance resulting in a healthy loss of fat mass (14,43).In the elegant DREW study (12) on dose-response effects of exercise in postmenopausal overweight women, Church et al (12) reported a substantial discrepancy between observed and predicted weight loss with increasing exercise dose. It was suggested that compensatory changes with increasing amounts of exercise attenuate weight loss.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fat loss and compensatory mechanisms in response to different doses of aerobic exercise—a randomized controlled trial in overweight sedentary males

Rosenkilde

Auerbach

Reichkendler

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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103

185

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A diet-induced negative energy balance triggers compensatory mechanisms, e.g., lower metabolic rate and increased appetite. However, knowledge about potential compensatory mechanisms triggered by increased aerobic exercise is limited. A randomized controlled trial was performed in healthy, sedentary, moderately overweight young men to examine the effects of increasing doses of aerobic exercise on body composition, accumulated energy balance, and the degree of compensation. Eighteen participants were randomized to a continuous sedentary control group, 21 to a moderate-exercise (MOD; 300 kcal/day), and 22 to a high-exercise (HIGH; 600 kcal/day) group for 13 wk, corresponding to ϳ30 and 60 min of daily aerobic exercise, respectively. Body weight (MOD: Ϫ3.6 kg, P Ͻ 0.001; HIGH: Ϫ2.7 kg, P ϭ 0.01) and fat mass (MOD: Ϫ4.0 kg, P Ͻ 0.001 and HIGH: Ϫ3.8 kg, P Ͻ 0.001) decreased similarly in both exercise groups. Although the exercise-induced energy expenditure in HIGH was twice that of MOD, the resulting accumulated energy balance, calculated from changes in body composition, was not different (MOD: Ϫ39.6 Mcal, HIGH: Ϫ34.3 Mcal, not significant). Energy balance was 83% more negative than expected in MOD, while it was 20% less negative than expected in HIGH. No statistically significant changes were found in energy intake or nonexercise physical activity that could explain the different compensatory responses associated with 30 vs. 60 min of daily aerobic exercise. In conclusion, a similar body fat loss was obtained regardless of exercise dose. A moderate dose of exercise induced a markedly greater than expected negative energy balance, while a higher dose induced a small but quantifiable degree of compensation.exercise; body weight regulation; compensatory mechanisms; energy balance ALTHOUGH A MODERN SEDENTARY lifestyle along with overeating has been put forward as "Big Two" factors in the etiology of obesity (3,10,29), the outcomes of structured exercise programs designed to promote weight loss are often modest (42,58). This has led to the general (mis)conception that exercise, in itself, is a poor weight management strategy (20,42,49). Apart from a potential lack of compliance, the discrepancy between predicted and observed weight loss is likely due to a combination of physiological and behavioral compensatory changes affecting energy balance. These compensatory changes cause the accumulated energy balance during an exercise intervention to be less negative than would be theoretically predicted from the exercise-induced energy expenditure (ExEE), i.e., the total amount of energy expenditure that is caused by the exercise intervention (12,32,34).Body energy stores are protected against long-term negative energy balance resulting from caloric restriction by a greater than predicted reduction in resting energy expenditure (REE) (28), a decrease in nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) (40,45), an increase in the metabolic efficiency of physical activity (16,35), and an increase in hedonic (21) and hormonal mediators o...

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Myokines: A central point in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life

Rathor,

Suryakumar

2024

BioFactors

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Redox homeostasis is a crucial phenomenon that is obligatory for maintaining the healthy status of cells. However, the loss of redox homeostasis may lead to numerous diseases that ultimately result in a compromised quality of life. Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ that secretes hundreds of myokines. Myokines are peptides and cytokines produced and released by muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle secreted myokines act as a robust modulator for regulating cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis which play a prime role in managing and improving metabolic function in multiple organs. Further, the secretory myokines maintain redox homeostasis not only in muscles but also in other organs of the body via stabilizing oxidants and antioxidant levels. Myokines are also engaged in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondria is a central point for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ergo, myokines also act as a central player in communicating signals to other organs, including the pancreas, gut, liver, bone, adipose tissue, brain, and skin via their autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of skeletal muscle‐secreted myokines in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Additionally, probable strategies will be discussed that provide a solution for a better quality of life.

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Endurance Training Per Se Increases Metabolic Health in Young, Moderately Overweight Men

Cited by 64 publications

References 32 publications

Energy and Macronutrient Intake in the Midwest Exercise Trial 2 (MET-2)

Energy and Macronutrient Intake in the Midwest Exercise Trial 2 (MET-2)

Body fat loss and compensatory mechanisms in response to different doses of aerobic exercise—a randomized controlled trial in overweight sedentary males

Myokines: A central point in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life

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