Endurance, interval sprint, and resistance exercise training: impact on microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes

Olver, T. Dylan; Laughlin, M. Harold

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00440.2015

Cited by 59 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Reduced skeletal muscle microvascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a central factor contributing to capillary rarefaction and the impaired vasodilatory response seen in obesity (McAllister & Laughlin, ; Frisbee, ; Olver & Laughlin, ). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is the rate‐limiting enzyme responsible for NO synthesis, with the ability of eNOS to synthesise NO being determined by its protein content and activity in the endothelial layer of the muscle microvasculature (Cocks & Wagenmakers, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home‐hit improves muscle capillarisation and eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio in obese individuals with elevated cardiovascular disease risk

Scott

Shepherd

Hopkins

et al. 2019

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Obesity and sedentary behaviour are associated with capillary rarefaction and impaired muscle microvascular vasoreactivity, due to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Low‐volume high‐intensity interval training (HIT) is a time‐efficient alternative to traditional moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT), but its effect on the muscle microvasculature has not been studied. The applicability of current laboratory‐ and gym‐based HIT protocols for obese individuals with low fitness and mobility has been disputed by public health experts, who cite the strenuous nature and complex protocols as major barriers. Therefore, we developed a virtually supervised HIT protocol targeting this group that can be performed at home without equipment (Home‐HIT). This study is the first to show that 12 weeks of virtually supervised Home‐HIT in obese individuals with elevated cardiovascular disease risk leads to similar increases in capillarisation and eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio within the muscle microvascular endothelium as virtually supervised home‐based MICT and laboratory‐based HIT, while reducing many of the major barriers to exercise. Abstract This study investigated the effect of a novel virtually supervised home‐based high‐intensity interval training (HIT) (Home‐HIT) intervention in obese individuals with elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk on capillarisation and muscle microvascular eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase ratio. Thirty‐two adults with elevated CVD risk (age 36 ± 10 years; body mass index 34.3 ± 5 kg m−2; V̇O2 peak 24.6 ± 5.7 ml kg min−1), completed one of three 12‐week training programmes: Home‐HIT (n = 9), laboratory‐based supervised HIT (Lab‐HIT; n = 10) or virtually supervised home‐based moderate‐intensity continuous training (Home‐MICT; n = 13). Muscle biopsies were taken before and after training to assess changes in vascular enzymes, capillarisation, mitochondrial density, intramuscular triglyceride content and GLUT4 protein expression using quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy. Training increased V̇O2 peak (P < 0.001), whole‐body insulin sensitivity (P = 0.033) and flow‐mediated dilatation (P < 0.001), while aortic pulse wave velocity decreased (P < 0.001) in all three groups. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed comparable increases in total eNOS content in terminal arterioles and capillaries (P < 0.001) in the three conditions. There was no change in eNOS ser1177 phosphorylation (arterioles P = 0.802; capillaries P = 0.311), but eNOS ser1177/eNOS content ratio decreased significantly following training in arterioles and capillaries (P < 0.001). Training decreased NOX2 content (arterioles P < 0.001; capillaries P < 0.001), but there was no change in p47phox content (arterioles P = 0.101; capillaries P = 0.345). All measures of capillarisation increased (P < 0.05). There were no between‐group differences. Despite having no direct supervision during exercise, virtually supervised Home‐HIT resulted in comparable structural and endothelial enzymatic changes in the skeletal muscle mic...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home‐hit improves muscle capillarisation and eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio in obese individuals with elevated cardiovascular disease risk

Scott

Shepherd

Hopkins

et al. 2019

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Exercise of higher intensity (eg, high‐intensity aerobic interval training or vigorous progressive resistance exercise or a combination of aerobic training and PRT) recruits more muscle mass and induces higher blood flow and shear stress than does exercise of mild‐to‐moderate intensity, which has beneficial effects on the microvascular dysfunction of T2DM, as recently reviewed . Impaired cutaneous vasomotor responsiveness (an aspect of microvascular dysfunction) is more likely among those with neuropathy .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impaired cutaneous vasomotor responsiveness (an aspect of microvascular dysfunction) is more likely among those with neuropathy . Exercise enhances microvascular function in T2DM, and higher‐intensity exercise appears to be more beneficial than lower‐intensity exercise; however, no studies have examined nerve function per se with respect to exercise training intensity in T2DM. Even so, improvement in microvascular function with exercise training is a likely mechanism contributing to improvements in neural function in T2DM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic exercise training may improve nerve function in type 2 diabetes and pre‐diabetes: A systematic review

Dennis

Kiernan

et al. 2018

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Summary Diabetic neuropathy is a major complication of type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence also suggests that people with pre‐diabetes may develop similar symptoms related to nerve dysfunction. While regular exercise provides many benefits to patients with diabetes, whether exercise influences nerve function has not been established. As such, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate current evidence regarding the effect of exercise training on the progression and development of diabetic neuropathy. A systematic search of MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, AMED, PEDro, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases identified a total of 12 studies that were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Quality rating and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. The 12 included studies examined people with pre‐diabetes (n = 1) and with type 2 diabetes (n = 11). There was heterogeneity of study quality and exercise type and dosage among these studies. Eleven studies reported that exercise training had a positive influence on nerve function or neuropathy‐related symptoms; and only one study reported mild adverse events. Evidence from this systematic review suggests aerobic exercise training may positively influence nerve function among people with type 2 diabetes, with minimal risk of adverse events. Further research will be required to determine the optimal dosage of exercise training and the effect on nerve function in pre‐diabetes and in women with previous gestational diabetes. This review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018088182).

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“…Diese Anpassungsprozesse wirken auch auf das mikrovaskuläre Gefäßbett und verringern die beim Typ-2-Diabetes zu beobachtende Gefäßrarefizierung im Skelettmuskel [32]. Zudem bildet sich der Trainingseffekt auch in einer Abnahme der systolischen und diastolischen Blutdruckwerte ab [22].…”

Section: Kardiovaskuläre Effekteunclassified

Körperliche Aktivität und Sport bei Typ-2-Diabetes

Nieß¹,

Thiel²

2017

Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel

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Endurance, interval sprint, and resistance exercise training: impact on microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes

Abstract: Olver TD, Laughlin MH. Endurance, interval sprint, and resistance exercise training: impact on microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.

Cited by 59 publications

References 154 publications

Home‐hit improves muscle capillarisation and eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio in obese individuals with elevated cardiovascular disease risk

Home‐hit improves muscle capillarisation and eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio in obese individuals with elevated cardiovascular disease risk

Aerobic exercise training may improve nerve function in type 2 diabetes and pre‐diabetes: A systematic review

Körperliche Aktivität und Sport bei Typ-2-Diabetes

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