Recently in this journal, Professors Ramos ( 1976Ramos ( , 1977 and Thayer ( 1977aThayer ( , 1977b have engaged in a dialog of great importance. Both see American society as undergoing fundamental changes, changes which cannot be analyzed completely using political and social theories which are predicted upon and dominated by the market system. Each has, therefore, set forth an alternative theoretical model to help us not only understand the full significance of these changes, but also enable us to guide these changes to achieve greater social well-being with a maximum of personal freedom.A careful review of their dialog, however, indicates that the substance of each model can be traced to different sets of background assumptions.' If we are to make an intelligent choice between these alternative models, or if we are to be successful in future efforts to elaborate and implement them, it is imperative that these assumptions be identified and critically analyzed.2 Recognizing that the amount of space that can be allotted here for such an undertaking is limited, the following is an attempt to summarize the key assumptions supporting each model and to indicate the implications of their significant differences. In this manner, it is hoped that others will subsequently accept the challenge to critically analyze these and related peripheral assumptions in depth.