Abstract:INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic triggered transformations in the population's lifestyles, including electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) consumption. The aim of the study was to determine associations between ENDS consumption habits and lifestyles among higher education students in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional analytical design, based on a selfadministered online survey, conducted in 2021, among students aged 18-59 years. The sample size was 3985 students. Statistic… Show more
“…Initially, nicotine produces a feeling of relaxation and calm that helps to relieve anxiety symptoms, but as this effect wears off, withdrawal symptoms can worsen the symptoms of anxiety and discomfort [70]. Not only a mental health diagnosis, but also a negative perception of the impact of the pandemic on mental health has also been associated with a higher likelihood of ENDS use among Colombian university students [51].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This study is part of a project entitled: "Prevalence and psychosocial factors associated with ENDS consumption in university populations of Bogota" [51]. The design of the study was cross-sectional, analytical and based on a multistage random sample.…”
Section: Participants and Data Collectionmentioning
The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased in recent years, particularly among young people. The association between mental health disorders and conventional cigarettes is well established. However, information on ENDS use and mental health is still emerging. This study i) determines the frequency of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among university students in Bogotá, Colombia, ii) examines the association between sociodemographic variables and mental health symptoms, and iii) analyses whether there is an association between tobacco and/or ENDS use and depression, anxiety and/or stress. The study is cross-sectional, analytical, retrospective and based on a multistage random sample. 3850 students from 21 universities completed an online survey and were included as participants. We assessed demographic variables, tobacco use, ENDS use and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. 667 participants from our sample had a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder, and the most common diagnoses were any type of anxiety disorder (7.27%) or depressive disorder (6.70%). Ever use of conventional cigarettes was 63.71% and ever use of ENDS was 31%. More than 65% of the participants had mild symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. However, between 16.4% and 19.5% of participants reported severe or very severe symptoms of these three diagnoses. Severe or very severe symptoms were more likely to be reported by women, public university students and those from higher socio-economic backgrounds. Those who reported having tried conventional cigarettes or ENDS had more severe or extremely severe symptoms than those who had never tried them. Multivariate analysis using ordinal logistic regression showed that depression, anxiety and stress levels were more severe in participants who had tried ENDS. In addition, having nuclear family members, family members or close friends with a history of nicotine use was positively associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress.
“…Initially, nicotine produces a feeling of relaxation and calm that helps to relieve anxiety symptoms, but as this effect wears off, withdrawal symptoms can worsen the symptoms of anxiety and discomfort [70]. Not only a mental health diagnosis, but also a negative perception of the impact of the pandemic on mental health has also been associated with a higher likelihood of ENDS use among Colombian university students [51].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This study is part of a project entitled: "Prevalence and psychosocial factors associated with ENDS consumption in university populations of Bogota" [51]. The design of the study was cross-sectional, analytical and based on a multistage random sample.…”
Section: Participants and Data Collectionmentioning
The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased in recent years, particularly among young people. The association between mental health disorders and conventional cigarettes is well established. However, information on ENDS use and mental health is still emerging. This study i) determines the frequency of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among university students in Bogotá, Colombia, ii) examines the association between sociodemographic variables and mental health symptoms, and iii) analyses whether there is an association between tobacco and/or ENDS use and depression, anxiety and/or stress. The study is cross-sectional, analytical, retrospective and based on a multistage random sample. 3850 students from 21 universities completed an online survey and were included as participants. We assessed demographic variables, tobacco use, ENDS use and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. 667 participants from our sample had a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder, and the most common diagnoses were any type of anxiety disorder (7.27%) or depressive disorder (6.70%). Ever use of conventional cigarettes was 63.71% and ever use of ENDS was 31%. More than 65% of the participants had mild symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. However, between 16.4% and 19.5% of participants reported severe or very severe symptoms of these three diagnoses. Severe or very severe symptoms were more likely to be reported by women, public university students and those from higher socio-economic backgrounds. Those who reported having tried conventional cigarettes or ENDS had more severe or extremely severe symptoms than those who had never tried them. Multivariate analysis using ordinal logistic regression showed that depression, anxiety and stress levels were more severe in participants who had tried ENDS. In addition, having nuclear family members, family members or close friends with a history of nicotine use was positively associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress.
“…Los principales factores de riesgo psicosocial para el consumo de drogas psicodélicas en jóvenes se relacionan principalmente con los problemas de salud mental tales como la depresión, ansiedad, pensamientos suicidas, junto a ello el entorno familiar con característica disfuncionales y la presión social, lo que deja un precedente característico en cuanto al consumo de estas sustancias. Martha de Jonge y col (13), en su estudio de revisión sistemática realizado en el año 2022 en Países Bajos determino que el principal factor psicosocial relacionado al desarrollo de adicción a las drogas psicodélicas fue la depresión por otra parte Elisa Benedetti y col ( 14), en su estudio de corte transversal en Italia y en año 2022 aparte de la depresión se le añadió también la violencia como un segundo factor; en contrate a ello en países del continente africano como África, Nigeria y Etiopia los principales factores son el estrés, la ansiedad, la presión social, la violencia y las discusiones parentales (16,19,20); en países de América del Norte como Estados Unidos y Canadá predomina como relación los pensamientos suicidas en conjunto con la depresión y la toma de malas decisiones (11,34); de todos los estudios se toma como punto de interés el realizado en Nigeria y en Alemania, mismos que manejan mayor cantidad de factores psicosociales relacionados al consumo de drogas, los mismo determinan en gran conjunto factores como conflictos familiares, las malas habilidades de comunicación, la violencia doméstica, crianza monoparental y en el caso de Alemania las conductas sociales relacionadas a los trastornos de ansiedad, el pánico, fobia social, fobia específica y las manías (9,22); si bien existen algunos factores comunes entre regiones y sus países la evidencia revisada y analizada nos indica que los factores de riesgo psicosociales pueden variar y estas variaciones en general van a depender principalmente del contexto cultural y social que maneje como tal cada país. Dentro de la problemática el consumo de psicodélicos en jóvenes conlleva a que los mismo adquieran severas consecuencias sobre la salud mental y física, mismas que pueden perdurar incluso después de suspender el consumo de las mismas; Débora Dal Farra y col (38), en su estudio que tiene como metodología de la investigación un revisión exploratoria, misma que fue en el años 2022 en Italia menciona como principal manifestación clínica los trastornos mentales y los antecedente de intento de suicidio; Emma Kopra y col (40), mencionan en su estudio realizado en Inglaterra en el año 2022 a la bipolaridad, la falta de concentración y el daño físico como principales manifestaciones clínicas; por otra parte Marek A. Motyka y col (49), en su estudio del año 2023 en Canadá mencionan los cambios en la manera actuar y en contraste un estudio de carácter sistemático realizado por Obehi.…”
En la presente investigación se comenzó detallando el argumento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud la cual determinó que los alucinógenos se caracterizan por su capacidad para alterar la percepción sensorial , provocando distorsiones e incluso cambios de carácter en el estado de ánimo de las personas que las consumen, es así como este tipo de sustancias tienen el poder de modificar drásticamente emociones y pensamientos al generar desde ilusiones hasta percepciones distorsionadas de la realidad en quienes las consumen, el objetivo fue describir en profundidad la compleja problemática del consumo de drogas entre los jóvenes, esto mediante un análisis riguroso de fuentes teóricas y científicas.
El consumo de sustancias ilegales se lo considera un problema de carácter crítico, no solo la oferta y diversidad de estas sustancias está en aumento, sino que los estudios muestran un incremento sostenido en su consumo. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, diseño documental, se abarco información del 2017 al presente año. Resultados: Los principales factores asociados para dar la apertura al consumo de droga son la falta de aceptación social, ansiedad, estrés, depresión, carencia de personalidad, dentro del marco de los alucinógenos más usados son LSD, PCP y los hongos de psilocibina. Conclusión: Las causas por las cuales el consumo de droga psicodélicas ha crecido es debido a presión social o el mido al rechazo, por lo general los alucinógenos son más comerciales en conciertos de música electrónica, pero aquello cada vez causan destrucción en el organismo tales como trastornos mentales.
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