Endplate resorption following manual fracture reduction and vertebroplasty in the lumbar spine

Wenger, Markus; Stähli, Dominique M.; Roth, Beat E.; Markwalder, Thomas-Marc

doi:10.1007/s00701-008-0146-8

Cited by 21 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Quantization in the light-front provides the rigorous field-theoretical realization of the intuitive ideas of the parton model [43,44] which is formulated at fixed t in the infinite-momentum frame (IMF) [45,46]. The same results are obtained in the front form for any frame; e.g., the structure functions and other probabilistic parton distributions measured in deep inelastic scattering are obtained from the squares of the boost invariant LFWFs, the eigensolution of the light-front Hamiltonian.…”

Section: Applications Of Light-front Hamiltonian Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

QCD on the Light-Front

2013

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Light-Front Hamiltonian theory, derived from the quantization of the QCD Lagrangian at fixed light-front time x + = x 0 + x 3 , provides a rigorous frame-independent framework for solving nonperturbative QCD. The eigenvalues of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian HLF predict the hadronic mass spectrum, and the corresponding eigensolutions provide the light-front wavefunctions which describe hadron structure, providing a direct connection to the QCD Lagrangian. In the semiclassical approximation the valence Fock-state wavefunctions of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian satisfy a single-variable relativistic equation of motion, analogous to the nonrelativistic radial Schrödinger equation, with an effective confining potential U which systematically incorporates the effects of higher quark and gluon Fock states. Remarkably, the potential U has a unique form of a harmonic oscillator potential if one requires that the chiral QCD action remains conformally invariant. A mass gap and the color confinement scale also arises when one extends the formalism of de Alfaro, Fubini and Furlan to light-front Hamiltonian theory. In the case of mesons, the valence Fock-state wavefunctions of HLF for zero quark mass satisfy a single-variable relativistic equation of motion in the invariant variable ζ 2 = b 2 ⊥ x(1−x), which is conjugate to the invariant mass squared M 2 qq . The result is a nonperturbative relativistic light-front quantum mechanical wave equation which incorporates color confinement and other essential spectroscopic and dynamical features of hadron physics, including a massless pion for zero quark mass and linear Regge trajectories M 2 (n, L, S) = 4κ 2 (n+L+S/2) with the same slope in the radial quantum number n and orbital angular momentum L. Only one mass parameter κ appears. The corresponding light-front Dirac equation provides a dynamical and spectroscopic model of nucleons. The same light-front equations arise from the holographic mapping of the soft-wall model modification of AdS5 space with a unique dilaton profile to QCD (3+1) at fixed light-front time. Light-front holography thus provides a precise relation between the bound-state amplitudes in the fifth dimension of AdS space and the boost-invariant light-front wavefunctions describing the internal structure of hadrons in physical space-time. We also discuss the implications of the underlying conformal template of QCD for renormalization scale-setting and the implications of light-front quantization for the value of the cosmological constant.

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Section: Applications Of Light-front Hamiltonian Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

QCD on the Light-Front

2013

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“…2 In it, a generator of one particular symmetry transformation functions as a mass term. A dual generator from the part of the Poincaré group that changes the null surface serves as the theory's Hamiltonian.…”

Section: Dirac Postscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dirac postscript

Mitra

2010

Physics Today

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“…(4) will be the most important (contributions from heavier mesons and baryons will be progressively suppressed with increasing mass). In the impulse approximation, DIS from the πN component of the proton can then be understood in the IMF as the probability for a pion to be emitted by the proton, folded with the probability of finding the a parton in the pion [19]. For the antiquark asymmetry, this can be written as [15]:…”

Section: D −ū Asymmetry In the Proton Seamentioning

confidence: 99%