Endozoicomonas numazuensis sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from marine sponges, and emended description of the genus Endozoicomonas Kurahashi and Yokota 2007

Abstract

Two non-motile, rod-shaped gammaproteobacteria were isolated from marine sponges collected from the coast of Japan at Numazu. The isolates were oxidase- and catalase-positive facultative anaerobes that fermented carbohydrates. They required sodium ions for growth and were slightly halophilic, growing in the presence of 1.0–5.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum of 2.0 % NaCl). Under aerobic conditions, the major isoprenoid quinones were ubiquinone-9 and menaquinone-9 and the minor quinones were ubiquinone-8 and menaquinone-8. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 and the hydroxy acids were C10 : 0 3-OH and C12 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was 48.3–48.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolates within the radiation of the genus Endozoicomonas in a broad clade of uncultured clones recovered from various marine invertebrates. The isolates exhibited 96.5–96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Endozoicomonas elysicola MKT110T and Endozoicomonas montiporae CL-33T, with which the isolates formed a monophyletic cluster with 100 % bootstrap support. The phenotypic features (carbohydrate fermentation, quinone system and some major cellular fatty acids) differed from those of members of the genus Endozoicomonas , which are aerobic, produce little or no menaquinone under aerobic conditions and possess different amounts of C14 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. Although some phenotypic differences were identified, the isolates should be assigned to the genus Endozoicomonas on the basis of congruity of phylogeny and should be classified as representatives of a novel species, for which the name Endozoicomonas numazuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HC50T ( = NBRC 108893T = DSM 25634T). An emended description of the genus Endozoicomonas is presented.

Coral reef invertebrate microbiomes correlate with the presence of photosymbionts

“…Results from this study and other recent reports highlight that members of the Oceanospirillales, specifically, Endozoicomonas spp. are commonly found in marine invertebrates with and without photosymbionts and potentially have important functional roles within their host species (Yang et al, 2010;Nishijima et al, 2012;Speck and Donachie, 2012). Indicator species analysis demonstrated that no OTUs were significantly correlated with invertebrates that do not host photosymbionts, although Rugeria-, Rhodobacteraceae-and Rhodospirillaceae-related sequences were more commonly retrieved in these samples as observed in the redundancy analysis (Figure 1).…”

Bacteria of the genus Endozoicomonas dominate the microbiome of the Mediterranean gorgonian coral Eunicella cavolini

“…S3 in the Supplement). Endozoicomonas have been found in sponges (some under the name Spongiobacter) (Thiel et al 2007, Mohamed et al 2008, Nishijima et al 2013, bivalves (Zielinski et al 2009, Jensen et al 2010, ascidians (Martínez-García et al 2007), a nudibranch (Kurahashi & Yokota 2007), polychaetes (Goffredi et al 2007), sea anemones (Schuett et al 2007, Du et al 2010, starfish (Choi et al 2010), scleractinian corals (Bourne & Munn 2005, Bourne et al 2008, Hansson et al 2009, Littman et al 2009, Raina et al 2009, Sunagawa et al 2010, Speck & Donachie 2012, and different tropical gorgonians and other soft corals (Webster & Bourne 2007, Sunagawa et al 2010). In the Caribbean gorgonian Gorgonia ventalina, the most common bacteria are Endozoicomonas.…”

Whole-Genome Sequences of Three Symbiotic Endozoicomonas Strains

“…( Gammaproteobacteria ; Oceanospirillales ) are dominant members of the bacterial community associated with diverse marine invertebrates, including corals (1–6), sponges (7), gorgonians (8, 9), molluscs (10–13), and tubeworms (14), as well as a basal chordate (15). In some hosts, these bacteria have been observed intracellularly (2, 11, 13).…”