Endowing the Lithium Metal Surface with Self-Healing Property via an in Situ Gas–Solid Reaction for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries

Yang, Nan; Li, Songmei; Zhu, Mengqi; Li, Bin; Yang, Shubin

doi:10.1021/acsami.9b07942

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The low LUMO of the additives causes their preferential reduction before electrolyte on the surface of lithium, forming SEI with excellent properties. [ 70 ] Common additives contain organic compounds (such as, vinylene carbonate, [ 71 ] trimethylsilyl azide (TSA), [ 63 ] 2‐(triphenylphosphoranylidene) succinic anhydride, [ 72 ] tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, [ 70 ] fluoroethylene carbonate, [ 73 ] thiourea, [ 74 ] adiponitrile, [ 75 ] and polydimethylsiloxane [ 76 ] ), lithium salt (such as, LiPF 6, [ 77 ] LiPO 2 F 2 , [ 78 ] LiF, [ 51 ] and LiNO 3 [ 79 , 80 ] ), HF, [ 51 ] and gas molecules (such as, SO 2 [ 81 ] ). Among them, F‐rich, S‐rich, N‐rich chemicals have been extensively studied.…”

Section: Strategies To Solve Issues Of the Lithium Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

Confronting the Challenges in Lithium Anodes for Lithium Metal Batteries

et al. 2021

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With the low redox potential of −3.04 V (vs SHE) and ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 3862 mAh g −1 , lithium metal has been considered as promising anode material. However, lithium metal battery has ever suffered a trough in the past few decades due to its safety issues. Over the years, the limited energy density of the lithium-ion battery cannot meet the growing demands of the advanced energy storage devices. Therefore, lithium metal anodes receive renewed attention, which have the potential to achieve high-energy batteries. In this review, the history of the lithium anode is reviewed first. Then the failure mechanism of the lithium anode is analyzed, including dendrite, dead lithium, corrosion, and volume expansion of the lithium anode. Further, the strategies to alleviate the lithium anode issues in recent years are discussed emphatically. Eventually, remaining challenges of these strategies and possible research directions of lithium-anode modification are presented to inspire innovation of lithium anode.

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Section: Strategies To Solve Issues Of the Lithium Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

Confronting the Challenges in Lithium Anodes for Lithium Metal Batteries

et al. 2021

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“…It has been shown that a layer of Li 2 S, when formed with a gas-solid reaction and used in a polysulfide-free system, can be used to realize a stable lithium-metal anode. [72][73][74] In order to investigate the role played by polysulfide species in modulating the characteristics of lithium deposition, the deposited lithium in anode-free Ni || Li 2 S full cells and equivalent Ni || Li half cells was characterized with ToF-SIMS. The electrolyte employed was E1, which is 1 m LiTFSI + 0.1 m LiNO 3 .…”

Section: Role Of Polysulfides In Stabilizing Lithium Deposition In LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Delineating the Lithium–Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistry and the Dynamics of Lithium Deposition in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Nanda

Manthiram

2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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For commercially viable Li-S batteries with ether-based liquid electrolytes to become a reality, it is imperative to develop strategies for stabilizing lithium deposition and substantially improving lithium cycling efficiencies. Due to the low reduction potential of lithium (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode), the liquid electrolyte has a strong propensity to get reduced on the metallic lithium surface to form a solidelectrolyte interphase (SEI). [11-13] This interfacial layer between metallic lithium and liquid electrolyte is composed of a diverse array of electrolyte decomposition products with varying Li +-ion conductivities and negligible electronic conductivity. [14,15] The conventional theory of SEI formation holds that the probability of electron tunneling through the interfacial layer falls off with increasing thickness, which stops its further growth, while still letting Li +-ion transfer unimpeded. However, this picture is upended with lithium-metal anodes. As a "hostless" anode, it undergoes tremendous volume changes during charge and discharge. [16,17] Not only is this expected to put considerable strain on the interfacial layer and pulverize its components, the recurrent exposure of fresh metallic lithium leads to continued electrolyte decomposition. Hence, forming a stable lithium-electrolyte interface and maintaining it over multiple charge/discharge cycles is critical to achieving reversible deposition of lithium. [18,19] It should be noted that the lithium-electrolyte interface is not a 2D layer between the lithium anode and the electrolyte, akin to graphite anodes, but instead adopts a 3D structure due to the similar nature of deposited lithium itself. Despite its instability, various properties of the lithiumelectrolyte interface play a critical role in determining the morphology of the deposited lithium. For instance, the ionic conductivity of the interfacial components is an important parameter as facile Li +-ion transport through the SEI layer would enable a uniform Li +-ion flux on the anode surface, thereby enabling homogenous deposition of lithium. [20-22] The Young's modulus of the interfacial components as well as the interfacial energy of the SEI layer have been identified as important parameters that are correlated with the propensity of the lithium-electrolyte interface to resist dendritic growth of lithium. [23,24] The interfacial layer also needs to be chemically Stabilizing the metallic lithium anode is the major roadblock to realizing long cycle life lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with high energy density. The chemistry of the dynamically evolving solid-electrolyte interphase layer on the lithium surface is critical to achieving reversible plating and stripping of lithium. Herein, electrolyte formulations are carefully varied and employed to modulate the composition, and thereby, the properties of the lithiumelectrolyte interface. The impact of these changes in the interfacial chemistry on the dynamics of lithium deposition is evaluated by tracking cyclability in an anode-f...

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“…Nan et al proposed a totally different approach for the formation of an inorganic SH aSEI. [189] The artificial layer was produced through an in situ gas-solid "sauna" reaction between CS 2 -I 2 steam and Li metal. The so obtained composite SEI was constituted by a porous carbon scaffold embedding lithium ion conductive species as LiI and Li 2 S. The key feature is the mobility of LiI from the liquid electrolyte toward the electrode that can reform the layer after breakage, protecting the newly exposed lithium surface and bypassing the appearance of preferential nucleation sites.…”

Section: Self-healing Artificial Solid-electrolyte Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Self‐Healing in Lithium Batteries: Strategies for Next‐Generation Energy Storage Devices

Mezzomo

Ferrara

Brugnetti

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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An improved lifetime can be achieved by exploiting higher intrinsic durability of the materials, or by repairing the deteriorated component and restoring its original properties. Indeed, in the last years, several attempts to improve the lifetime of widespread devices (prosthetics, batteries, solar cells, lighting devices, etc.) were reported. [4-8] However, traditional techniques (welding, gluing, patching) need in situ application of fresh healing materials, and are not applicable to many modern complex devices that require disassembly and targeted operations well beyond the expertise of the final user. Moreover, repair by specialized personnel may be impossible or unsustainable from an economic point of view. To overcome these problems, a radically new strategy that can pave the way for more durable materials is emerging: the concept of selfhealing (SH). [9] This term refers to those smart materials that can automatically restore some, or all, of their functions after having suffered of an external damage that degraded their original properties. This usually has to do with autonomous recovery of physical cracks, but may include a wider range of features prolonging the lifetime of a material/ device, which space from anticorrosion to bactericidal properties. [10,11] By tailoring an appropriate response of the system, it becomes possible to design a material that can respond to various external perturbations and accommodate their eventual disturbance. The idea at the base of this approach is usually defined as biomimetic, since it takes inspiration from nature and mimic it in solving complex technological problems. [12] During the years, many different materials or technologies, naively depicted in Figure 1a, have taken inspiration from nature (as Velcro tape which mimics tiny hooks on bur fruits, naturally ventilated facades that mime termites' mounds, hydrophobic lotus-leaf coatings, and iridescent or adhesive surfaces respectively inspired by butterflies and geckos) and self-healing is not an exception. [13-15] In fact, in nature many organisms are capable of healing damages and of restoring their functionalities: skin, bones, plants, and other living systems can sense any failure and reconstruct the injured biological part which recovers its original functionalities. [16-18] Since these features lengthen the life of natural living beings, analog mechanisms can be exploited in artificial self-healing materials to benefit the Major improvements in stability and performance of batteries are still required for a more effective diffusion in industrial key sectors such as automotive and foldable electronics. An encouraging route resides in the implementation into energy storage devices of self-healing features, which can effectively oppose the deterioration upon cycling that is typical of these devices. In order to provide a comprehensive view of the topic, this Review first summarizes the main self-healing processes that have emerged in the multifaceted field of smart materials, classifying them on the basis of t...

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Endowing the Lithium Metal Surface with Self-Healing Property via an in Situ Gas–Solid Reaction for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Confronting the Challenges in Lithium Anodes for Lithium Metal Batteries

Confronting the Challenges in Lithium Anodes for Lithium Metal Batteries

Delineating the Lithium–Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistry and the Dynamics of Lithium Deposition in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Exploiting Self‐Healing in Lithium Batteries: Strategies for Next‐Generation Energy Storage Devices

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