Endovascular management of renal angiomyolipomas: Do coils have a benefit in terms of clinical success rates?

Abstract

PURPOSE This study evaluated single-center results of endovascular treatment in renal angiomyolipoma (AML) to determine whether there is clinical relevance of adding proximal coil embolization to distal particle embolization in terms of safety, efficacy, and retreatment rates. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate patients undergoing transarterial embolization for renal AMLs from January 2007 to October 2020. Parameters regarding patient and tumor characteristics, embolization technique, treatment outcome, and complications were recorded. Patients were divided into 2 groups as A (only particle group) and B (particle + coil group) based on the type of embolic agent used for treatment. Comparative analysis was performed between the 2 groups in terms of tumor size reduction, retreatment, and complication rates. RESULTS In this study, 42 patients (37 (88.1%) females and 5 (11.9%) males) harboring 48 AMLs were included. The mean age was 43.46 (range, 20-78). The technical success rate was 95.8% (46 of 48 procedures). The mean size reduction was 1.94 ± 1 cm ( P < .001) after treatments; however, no significant difference was seen between groups in terms of tumor size reduction. Retreatment rates were 3.1% (1 of 32 cases) in group A and 14.3% (2 of 14 cases) in group B ( P = .21). No significant difference was found between groups in terms of bleeding and complication rates during the perioperative period. Mean follow-up duration was 26.48 ± 25.71 (range, 2-102) months. CONCLUSION In this study, no clear supplementary benefit was observed in terms of safety and efficacy with the adjunction of coils to distal particle embolization in the management of AMLs.