“…1,2,9 Injuries to the VA represent only a small proportion of these extracranial arterial injuries.2 When the VA is injured as a result of penetrating trauma, it may result in a number of vascular abnormalities, including AVFs, transections, or pseudoaneurysms. 1,2,5,6,9 These abnormalities may clinically manifest in a variety of ways, with a subsequent variety of potential treatment options.…”