Endovascular hemostasis for endoscopic procedure-related gastrointestinal bleeding

Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common complication of various endoscopic procedures. In most cases, GI bleeding responds to conservative management. And if indicated, endoscopic hemostasis is performed. However, if endoscopic hemostasis fails due to massive bleeding or hemodynamically unstable patients, alternative treatment options, such as endovascular hemostasis or surgery, should be considered. As endoscopic procedures have become more diverse, there have been reports of interventional treatment of endoscopic, procedure-related GI bleeding. In this article we will discuss the endovascular diagnosis and treatment of endoscopic, procedure-related GI bleeding.

Interventional management for postoperative arterial bleeding in gastrointestinal surgery

“…Usually, the NBCA-lipiodol ratio ranges from 1:1 to 1:4. 20,21 Operators should decrease the amount of lipiodol when attempting to embolize short segments and should increase for long segments. It is advantageous for massive bleeding that requires urgent hemostasis, especially in patients with coagulopathy caused by rapid polymerization with blood.…”