Endotracheal intubation in rabbits using a video laryngoscope with a modified blade

Abstract

Rabbits are being increasingly used as companion animals, and in research; thus, the need for proper veterinary care for rabbits has increased. Surgical access is more challenging in rabbits under inhalation anesthesia compared to other animals, such as dogs and cats. Rabbits have a very narrow and deep oral cavity, large incisors, and a large tongue. Moreover, their temporomandibular joint has limited mobility, making it more difficult to approach the larynx. Various methods have been proposed to overcome this difficulty. The video laryngoscope was introduced in 1999 and is useful when airway intubation is unsuccessful using a conventional laryngoscope. We postulated that a video laryngoscope with a modified size 1 Macintosh blade (McGrath MAC Video Laryngoscope, Medtronic, USA) would facilitate the intubation of New Zealand White rabbits. Sixteen specific-pathogen-free male New Zealand White rabbits weighing 3.45–4.70 kg were studied. All rabbits were intubated using the video laryngoscope. Typically, a 3.0 mm endotracheal tube was used for rabbits weighing < 4 kg, while a 3.5 mm tube was used in those weighing > 4 kg. During surgery, anesthesia was well maintained, and there were no major abnormalities in the animals’ conditions. No rabbit developed breathing difficulties or anorexia after recovering from anesthesia. We established an intubation method using a video laryngoscope with a modified blade and stylet in the supine (ventrodorsal) position and successfully applied it in 16 rabbits. It is useful for training novices and for treating rabbits in veterinary hospitals with few staff members and animal research facilities where there are insufficient human resources.

Cadaveric Study on Comparison of Neck Extension Angles for Endotracheal Intubation in Rabbits Using a Rigid and Flexible Endoscope

“…Many visualization devices, especially the laryngoscope with a specifically designed blade for rabbits, have been used to achieve more accessible endotracheal intubations and improve the success rate of endotracheal intubation in rabbits [13]. However, in some parts of the world where the rabbit laryngoscope blades are not available, the Miller laryngoscope, initially developed as a pediatric laryngoscope for humans, has been used for rabbit endotracheal intubation.…”

“…However, in some parts of the world where the rabbit laryngoscope blades are not available, the Miller laryngoscope, initially developed as a pediatric laryngoscope for humans, has been used for rabbit endotracheal intubation. However, the difficulty in selecting the fitting blade sizes that are appropriate for visualizing the larynx and epiglottis resulted in laryngeal trauma due to overly attempted endotracheal intubation [13][14][15]. Various sizes of veterinary endoscopes with various light sources are available in animal hospitals.…”