Endotoxin in middle-ear effusions from patients with chronic otitis media with effusion

DeMaria, Thomas F.; Prior, Richard B.; Briggs, Bruce R.; Lim, David J.; Birck, Herbert G.

doi:10.1128/jcm.20.1.15-17.1984

Cited by 117 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Haemophilus infiuenzae is considered the most pathogenic organism associated with chronic secretory otitis media [15], which is an inflammatory process in the middle ear cleft. Endotoxin is present in a high percentage of middle ear effusions [16], and significant levels of IL-l/i IL-6 and TNF-a have been found in the fluid [17]. Also, teichoic acid from Gram-positive bacteria can induce cytokine production, and high cytokine levels were demonstrated in serum of sepsis patients with both Gram-negative and Gram-positive infections [18,19].…”

Section: Dlsctsslonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines in nasopharyngeal secretions; evidence for defective IL-1β production in children with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media

Lindberg

Rynnel-Dagöö

Sundqvist

1994

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYThe host-parasite relationship in the nasopharynx of young children with bacterial colonization and antigen uptake in the mucosa and lymphatic tissue provides an opportunity to investigate infectious inflammatory processes and responses. IL-l/:i, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-rt) were analysed in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum from children with or without recurrent episodes of acute otitis media, from healthy adults and adults with hypogammaglobulinaemia or selective deficiency of IgG3. Nasopharyngeal secretions generally contained substantial amounts of \L-\ii, IL-6 and TNF-a. In contrast. IL-1/'^. IL-6 and TNF-fv were not detectable in sera on the same occasion. Children were found to have higher levels of IL-1/3, IL-6 and TNF-rk than healthy adults and than adults with immunodeficiency. High levelsof IL-IJ were associated with low or undetectable levels of IL-6 and TNF-a, whereas the opposite pattern was seen in association with low levels of IL-l/l This was especially true for children with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media (RAOM). In children with nasopharyngeal colonization with Haemophilus infiuenzae, significantly higher levels of IL-1/3, IL-6 and TNF-o (P =00001. respectively) were found compared with non-colonized children. Notably, the RAOM children exhibited significantly lower levels of IL-I/i IL-6, and TNF-n in nasopharyngeal secretions {P = 0 0001, 0.01 and 0.0001, respectively) than healthy children. These results demonstrate local production of inflammatory cytokines in nasopharynx, related to bacterial colonization, and suggest that children with RAOM are poor nasopharyngeal cytokine producers.Keywords \L-\fl IL-6 tumour necrosis factor alpha nasopharyngeal secretions children INTRODLCTIONThe human nasopharynx plays a crucial role for development of immune responses to foreign microorganisms [1], and is a natural reservoir for several bacterial species, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus infiuenzae. the majority of which are non-typable [2]. and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis.Bacterial adherence to the mucosa is a well known phenomenon in children. Carriership of pneumococci has been monitored in several epidemiological studies, particularly in the age group 1 -2 years [3], where the colonization rate is about 90%. There is a subsequent decline in preschool children, and the colonization rate in adults is 10%. The epidemiology of nontypable H. infiuenzae is less well known, because of earlier difliculties in classifying this species. In one recent study the colonization rate was 35% in preschool children [4]. A decline with increasing age has also been demonstrated. Carriership is a Correspondence: Dr K. Lindberg. Department of Otorhinolaryngology. B5

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Section: Dlsctsslonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines in nasopharyngeal secretions; evidence for defective IL-1β production in children with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media

Lindberg

Rynnel-Dagöö

Sundqvist

1994

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…2 Moreover, endotoxin is detected in MEE in a high percentage of patients with OME. DeMaria et al 3 established the presence of endotoxin in 80% of MEE specimens of patients with chronic OME and in 67% of culture-negative MEE specimens. Findings indicate that endotoxin is one of the chief pathogenic factors of OME.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Expression in Experimental Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion in Mice

et al. 2004

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“…LPS has repeatedly been isolated from the middle ear effusions of patients with OME. 4 In addition, LPS has been used to induce middle ear effusions in animal models.3,5,6 LPS contributes to the development of these effusions largely by disrupting ciliary function and increasing vascular permeability.3.5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide: A Mediator of Endotoxin‐Induced Middle Ear Effusions

et al. 1996

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Using a rat model, the authors investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in endotoxin-induced middle ear effusion (MEE). After the eustachian tube was obstructed, the middle ear was transtympanically injected with 35 microL of either 1 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS and 1 mmol/L N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a competitive inhibitor of NO synthase. Over the next 6 hours, the fluid within the middle ear was collected every 2 hours, and the quantity of albumin in the fluid, an index of vascular leakage, was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. L-NAME significantly reduced LPS-induced vascular extravasation into the middle ear. Inoculation of the ear with L-arginine, the substrate for NO synthase, reversed the effects of L-NAME. These results indicate that NO is a mediator of LPS-induced MEE. Therefore, inhibition of NO synthase may represent a novel approach to the treatment of otitis media with effusion.

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Endotoxin in middle-ear effusions from patients with chronic otitis media with effusion

Cited by 117 publications

References 8 publications

Cytokines in nasopharyngeal secretions; evidence for defective IL-1β production in children with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media

Cytokines in nasopharyngeal secretions; evidence for defective IL-1β production in children with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media

Cytokine Expression in Experimental Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion in Mice

Nitric Oxide: A Mediator of Endotoxin‐Induced Middle Ear Effusions

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